Britannica Student Encyclopedia - 2010

Ethiopia in the late 1800s. Before that

Worshippers gather at an Ethiopian Orthodox

church in Addis Ababa.

28 Addis Ababa BRITANNICA STUDENT ENCYCLOPEDIA

 

the capital was Entoto, a cold, windswept

town just to the north. In 1887

the empress Taitu persuaded her husband,

Emperor Menelik II, to move the

capital to its present site.

From 1935 to 1941 Italian forces occupied

Addis Ababa as well as the rest of

Ethiopia. The Italians paved roads and

constructed European-style buildings.

Development of the city was slow from

1941 until 1960. Beginning in the

1960s, however, Addis Ababa grew rapidly

in population.

#More to explore

Ethiopia

Adena Culture

The ancient Native Americans of the

Adena culture lived in a large area centered

in what is now southern Ohio.

The Adena people thrived from about

500 BC to AD 100. They are known

mostly for the earthen mounds they

built. The term Adena comes from the

name of a place where archaeologists

found Adena mounds in the early

1900s.

The Adena settled in hundreds of small

villages along the Ohio River. They lived

in cone-shaped houses and fed themselves

by hunting, fishing, and gathering

fruits and wild plants. They made tools

from wood, bone, and copper. They also

wove cloth and molded simple pots

from clay.

The Adena constructed hundreds of

earthen mounds in the area that now

makes up Ohio, Indiana, Kentucky,

West Virginia, and Pennsylvania. Many

of the mounds were burial sites. The

Adena built many mounds in simple

shapes such as circles and rectangles.

They shaped other mounds like animals.

The most famous is the Great Serpent

Mound near Peebles, Ohio. This mound

looks like a giant snake and is nearly

1,300 feet (400 meters) long.

No one knows for sure what happened

to the Adena people after about AD 100.

Some scientists think that they joined

the Hopewell people, who developed a

similar culture in the territory where the

Adena had lived.

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Hopewell Culture • Native Americans

Adobe

Adobe is a type of clay that is used to

make bricks. People in many dry parts

The largest burial mound of the Adena culture

can be seen in what is now northern

West Virginia. It was built more than 2,000

years ago.

BRITANNICA STUDENT ENCYCLOPEDIA Adobe 29

 

of the world use adobe bricks to build

buildings. This is partly because there

are few trees in these regions to supply

wood for building.

People make adobe bricks by wetting

clay and then adding straw or another

type of fiber. They mix the material and

pour it into molds. The molds have four

sides and are open at the top. People

then lay the bricks out in the sun to dry,

which can take several weeks. When

they are dry, the adobe bricks are ready

to use.

Adobe buildings usually start with a base

of stone or concrete.Workers stack the

adobe bricks on this base. They stick the

bricks together with a mudlike material

called mortar. Adobe buildings are very

strong and last for hundreds of years.

Adobe buildings also stay warm in winter

and cool in summer.

People have used adobe for thousands of

years. Ancient peoples east of the Mediterranean

Sea, in North Africa, and in

southern Spain made adobe bricks.

American Indians in the driest parts of

North and South America also built

with adobe. For example, the Pueblo

Indians built many adobe houses in

what is now the southwestern part of the

United States.

#More to explore

Clay • Pueblo Indians

Adolescence

Adolescence is the time in a young person’s

life between childhood and adulthood.

Adolescence starts when a person

is about 12 years old and ends at about

the age of 19. A person in this age group

is called an adolescent, or a teenager.

Adolescence is a time of great change.

Adolescents experience changes in their

bodies. They also experience changes in

their emotions, or feelings, as well as

their thoughts and beliefs. They often

see the world differently, and they act

differently than they did when they were

children.

The buildings of Taos Pueblo in New

Mexico are made of adobe. Some have

been lived in for more than 1,000 years.

Relationships with their friends are very

important to most adolescents.

30 Adolescence BRITANNICA STUDENT ENCYCLOPEDIA

 

Changes in the Body

During adolescence, the reproductive

system develops. The reproductive

organs are the parts of the body that

allow men and women to make babies.

Girls’ and boys’ bodies change in different

ways. Boys grow facial hair, and their

voices deepen. They also develop stronger

muscles. Girls grow breasts and wider

hips, and they start having menstrual

periods. This means that they are able to

become pregnant.

Emotional Changes

Adolescence is an exciting time. It is also

a time that can be very confusing. Boys

and girls become much more interested

in each other. At the same time they

may worry about their appearance, and

they are sometimes easily embarrassed.

During adolescence, most boys and girls

care a lot about what other adolescents

think of them. They may also be very

concerned with how they fit into their

world. Often adolescents choose to

spend time with their friends rather than

with their families.

Growing Independence

As adolescents grow emotionally, they