Collins COBUILD Advanced Learner’s Dictionary

justification:To me the only justification for a zoo is educational.

rationale:However, the rationale for such initiatives is not, of course, solely economic.

3

row:A man had been stabbed to death in a family row.

quarrel:I had a terrible quarrel with my other brothers.

fight:He had a big fight with his dad the night before.

clash:There were clashes between police in riot gear and demonstrators.

feud:…a long and bitter feud between the state government and the villagers.

ar|gu|men|ta|tion /ɑː ^r gjʊmente I ʃ ^ə n/ N‑UNCOUNT Argumentation is the process of arguing in an organized or logical way, for example in philosophy. [FORMAL ]

ar|gu|men|ta|tive /ɑː ^r gjʊme ntət I v/ ADJ Someone who is argumentative is always ready to disagree or start quarrelling with other people. [DISAPPROVAL ] □  You're in an argumentative mood today!

aria /ɑː riə/ (arias ) N‑COUNT An aria is a song for one of the leading singers in an opera or choral work.

arid /æ r I d/

1 ADJ [usu ADJ n] Arid land is so dry that very few plants can grow on it. □  …new strains of crops that can withstand arid conditions.

2 ADJ [usu ADJ n] If you describe something such as a period of your life or an academic subject as arid , you mean that it has so little interest, excitement, or purpose that it makes you feel bored or unhappy. □  She had given him the only joy his arid life had ever known.

Aries /eə riːz/

1 N‑UNCOUNT Aries is one of the twelve signs of the zodiac. Its symbol is a ram. People who are born approximately between 21st March and 19th April come under this sign.

2 N‑SING An Aries is a person whose sign of the zodiac is Aries.

arise ◆◇◇ /əra I z/ (arises , arising , arose , arisen /ər I zən/)

1 VERB If a situation or problem arises , it begins to exist or people start to become aware of it. □ [V ] The birds also attack crops when the opportunity arises.

2 VERB If something arises from a particular situation, or arises out of it, it is created or caused by the situation. □ [V + from/out of ] …an overwhelming sense of guilt arising from my actions.

3 VERB If something such as a new species, organization, or system arises , it begins to exist and develop. □ [V ] Heavy Metal music really arose in the late 60s.

4 VERB When you arise , you get out of bed in the morning. [FORMAL ] □ [V ] He arose at 6:30 a.m. as usual.

5 VERB When you arise from a sitting or kneeling position, you stand up. [FORMAL ] □ [V + from ] When I arose from the chair, my father and Eleanor's father were in deep conversation. □ [V ] Arise, Sir William. SYNONYMS arise VERB 1

develop:A row has developed about the pollution emanating from a chemical plant.

occur:If headaches occur at night, lack of fresh air may be the cause.

result:Many hair problems result from what you eat.

stem from:Much of the instability stems from the economic effects of the war.

ar|is|toc|ra|cy /æ r I stɒ krəsi/ (aristocracies ) N‑COUNT [with sing or pl verb] The aristocracy is a class of people in some countries who have a high social rank and special titles. □  …a member of the aristocracy.

aris|to|crat /æ r I stəkræt, ər I st-/ (aristocrats ) N‑COUNT An aristocrat is someone whose family has a high social rank, especially someone who has a title.

aris|to|crat|ic /ər I stəkræ t I k/ ADJ [usu ADJ n] Aristocratic means belonging to or typical of the aristocracy. □  …a wealthy, aristocratic family.