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Андрей Тихомиров ???????

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??????????????(??)???,??????1500????????? ?18????,?????????????? ???19?????????????????????? ????????????M.A.Rothschild and Sons;??????????????????,?????????????

????19???????,?1815??1914?,?????????????????? ?1860?,N.M.Rothschild&Sons??????????????????????? ???????????19?????rothschild House??????????????????? ????,?????????,?????????????? 19??????????????????? ??,????????????????????????????????????? ??,???????????????????????

??????*???(Niall Ferguson)????????????19????????????????

??*????*?????(Mayer Amschel Rothschild)????????(Frankfurt Judengasse)???????,???????????(Rothschild dynasty)????,????????????????? ??,??????????????,??????????????

??*????*?????(Mayer Amschel Rothschild,1744?2?23???;1812?9?19???????????)????????????? ????*????(Isaac Elchanan)?,????????????????(Judengasse)???,???16????? Judengasse????????????,????????????????? ???????????"?????????"?,??"?????"???????17??? ????1664???"?????"?,?????????

Mayer Amschel???Amschel Moses Rothschild?Judengasse?Judengasse????????????????? ?????Judengasse?????????? ???????????,????????????????? ?????????,??1756???? ?????????,?????????????????? ????????????,???????????????,??????????????????? ??????????,??????????????,????????,????????? ??(??????)????????????????????,???????????

???????,Mayer Amschel?1764???????????,???20?,?Judengasse???????????? ????,???????????von Estorff,??????,Mayer Amschel Rothschild??????????????????,?????????????? ?1769,Mayer?Amschel????factorist???,?????? 1769?9?21?,?????????????????-?????????????????????????M.A.Rothschild??????? ??????????????????,?????????????

1770?8?29?,???????-?????????????*???*????17???????*???*???(Amschele Gutla Schnapper,??1753?8?23?;??1849?5?7 Gatl Schnapper?????2,400??????????,?????????????? ?1771??1792??,???????????,?????????????? ????????????????????1785???Zum Grunschild house,??Judengasse????????? ??????????????

??,?????????????????? 1789?,??*????*?????(Mayer Amschel Rothschild)?????????????,?????????????????,???1785???????????,????-????Landgrave William IX?

????????????????????????? ??????????????-???????????(Landgrave Frederick II Of Hesse-Kassel)???????????,??????????????????(??:??-???????????(Landgrave Frederick II of Hesse-Kassel)???????)? ??,?Landgrave???????,???? ??????????1800?????????????,???????????? 1801???*????*?????(Mayer Amschel Rothschild)??????-???(Hesse-Kassel)?????,???????(Wilhelm)????????????? 1804?,?????????????????? ?????????,????????????????,???1803???????

???????????????*?????*????*?*?????(Karl Friedrich Buderus von Karlshausen)???*????*?????(Mayer Amschel Rothschild)?????(William I)?????????????? ???????????????????????? ???????????????,??????????????(?????)????,??????????

?????1806????????,?????????(??????????,?????????,??????,????????????)?,??????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????,?1807???,??????*????*??????????????????????????????????? ?1813?????????????,???????????????????????

1810?,??*????*?????(Mayer Amschel Rothschild)?????????????????,??????????????? ????????,???????????????????? ????????????,???????????????????? ?????,???????????,??????"Mayer Amschel Rothschild and Sons"????

????*???????????????:??????????? ?????????*???*?*????(Karl Theodor von Dahlberg)?????????,?????1811?2?7????????? ??,????????????????????????? ?????????????,??????????????????? ??,???1812?9?16??????,??*???????????????????

??????,Mayer Amschel Rothschild??????????? ???????????????:

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?Nathan Mayer Rothschild?????

Mayer Amschel???Nathan Mayer Rothschild?1799?????,????????????????????? ??*?????(Nathan Rothschild)?????????,?????????????????,??????????????????? ??1811????????,?????????????????????? ??,??????????????,?????????,????????????? ????????????????,????1806?11?21??????,?????1814?? ???1809????????,???????????????????????????

??????????????????????? ??,??????????????????? ??,???????????,????????,??????????????????? ????????1814?1??Nathan Rothschild??? ??,???????????????????? ??,???????????????????????????? ?????????2%?6%????????? ?????????????*???*???(John Charles Herries)???,?1814?6?,????????????????1260????

?1815?3?1?,??????????????,???????????????(1815?3?20?),????????????????????? ????,??*??*?????(Nathan Mayer Rothschild)???????:???????,??????????????,???????? ??,???????????,???1815?6?18??????,????,??????????????? ??????????????????????????,???????????? ????????,Nathan Rothschild???????????? ???,??????????????,??????????,???????????????? ????????????????,Nathan Mayer Rothschild????????????????? ????????????,???????????,???????40%??? ??Niall Ferguson???,??????,??????????2009????6???????

????,???????????????????? ?????????? ??????,??,??,??,??,???????????? ????????????????????????????????,???????????????????? ????????????????? ??????????????????,???????????????? ???????????,??????????????????1905??