20 лучших повестей на английском / 20 Best Short Novels

Saladin (1137–1193) – a Muslim sultan of Egypt, Syria, Yemen and Palestine, a famous hero of the wars against the Crusaders

762

Templar  – a member of the Poor Knights of Christ and the Temple of Solomon, a religious military order founded in the 12th century

763

Edward the Confessor (1002–1066) – the King of England who kept the kingdom united during the 24 years of his reign

764

Huntingdon  – a town in south-central England, founded by the Anglo-Saxons and the Danes

765

Botany Bay  – a historic town in Enfield, an outer borough of London

766

Jorvaulx  – an area in Wensleydale, in the historic county of Yorkshire

767

Calais  – a seaport in northern France on the Strait of Dover

768

Westminster Hall  – a large hall in the Palace of Westminster on the left bank of the River Thames built in the 11th century for Edward the Confessor

769

Benvenuto Cellini (1500–1571) – a famous Florentine sculptor and goldsmith

770

Dover  – a town and seaport on the Strait of Dover in the historic county of Kent in southeastern England

771

St. Richard (1198–1253) – the bishop of Chichester

772

St. George  – a Christian martyr of the 3rd century AD, a patron saint of England; in the Middle Ages, St. George was considered an ideal of valour

773

Toledan steel  – a high-quality steel manufactured in Toledo, a city in Spain, and used for making weapon

774

King Canute  – Canute I (d. 1035), the king of England, Denmark and Norway

775

Enoch  – in the Old Testament Book of Genesis, the seventh biblical patriarch

776

Lamech  – in the Book of Genesis, one of the patriarchs, the son of Methusela and the father of Noah

777

Cainan, Mahaleel  – biblical characters

778

Methusela  – the Old Testament patriarch, the longest-lived human, the father of Lamech and the grandfather of Noah

779

Richard Plantagenet  – Richard III (1452–1485), the last Plantagenet king of England

780

Dr. Goldsmith  – Oliver Goldsmith (1730–1774), an English essayist, poet and novelist of Irish origin

781

King Philip of France  – Philip IV (1268–1314), noted for his long struggle with the Roman papacy

782

Saracen  – in the Middle Ages, the term was used for all persons who professed the religion of Islam (Arabs, Turks, etc.)

783

Redivivus = revived (Latin)

784

Pantaloon  – in the 16th century Italian comedy del’arte, a cunning and greedy Venetian merchant

785

Catechism  – a religious instruction in the form of questions and answers

786

Rouen  – a city and port on the Seine River in northwestern France; since the 3d century and for many centuries, it played an important role in the history of France.

787

Bedlamite  – the inhabitant of Bedlam, the first asylum for mentally ill patients in England

788

Jericho  – an ancient town in Israel, in the West Bank; the first settlement was founded about 9000 BC

789

the Magna Charta  – the charta of liberties granted by King John of England to prevent the civil war

790

Jean Sans Terre = John Lackland ( French )

791

La femme d’un baron auquel on vint demander son fils, repondit, “Le roi pense-t-il que je confierai mon fils a un homme qui a égorgé son neveu de sa propre main?” Jean fit enlever la mère et l’enfant, et la laissa mourir de faim dans les cachots.  – When they came for her son, the wife of a baron said: ‘Does the King believe that I will entrust my son to a man who has cut his nephew’s throat with his own hand?’ John had the mother and child taken away, and threw her to die of hunger in the dungeons. ( French )

792

Knights Hospitallers  – or Knights of Malta, a religious military order founded in the 11th century in Jerusalem to take care of sick and poor pilgrims

793

the Moors  – the word used in the English language for Muslim population of Spain and Portugal

794

the Hejira  – the journey of the prophet Muhammad from Mecca to Medina in 622; the date is regarded as the beginning of the Muslim era

795

the battle of Alarcos  – in 1195, the military forces of Muslim Spain defeated the Christian king Alfonso VIII of Castile

796

Yakoob-al-Mansoor (1160–1199) – the third Muslim ruler of Spain and North Africa

797

(El) Cid  – also called El Campeador (1043–1099), the Castilian national hero and military leader in the wars against the Moors

798

the Straits of Gibel-al-Tariff  – the Strait of Gibraltar, a channel between the Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean

799

Rhodes  – an island and city in Greece

800