iv Hamlets of Democratic Socialism 455
11 Lenin's Revolution 474
i The Art of Insurrection 474
ii The Smolny Autocrats 500
iii Looting the Looters 520
iv Socialism in One Country 536
12 Last Dreams of the Old World 555
i St Petersburg on the Steppe 555
ii The Ghost of the Constituent Assembly 575
13 The Revolution Goes to War 589
i Arming the Revolution 589
ii 'Kulaks', Bagmen and Cigarette Lighters 603
iii The Colour of Blood 627
14 The New Regime Triumphant 650
i Three Decisive Battles 650
ii Comrades and Commissars 682
iii A Socialist Fatherland 696
15 Defeat in Victory 721
i Short-Cuts to Communism 721
ii Engineers of die Human Soul 732
iii Bolshevism in Retreat 751
16 Deaths and Departures 773
i Orphans of the Revolution 773
ii The Unconquered Country 786
iii Lenin's Last Struggle 793
Conclusion 808
Notes 825
Bibliography 862
Index 895
1 St Petersburg illuminated for the Romanov tercentenary in 1913
2 The procession of the imperial family during the tercentenary
3 Nicholas II rides in public
4 Nevsky Prospekt decorated for the tercentenary
5 Guards officers greet the imperial family during the tercentenary
6 Townspeople and peasants in Kostroma during the tercentenary
7 The court ball of 1903
8 The Temple of Christ s Resurrection
9 Trubetskoi s equestrian statue of Alexander III
10 Statue of Alexander III outside the Cathedral of Christ the Saviour
11 The imperial family
13 The Tsarevich Alexis with Derevenko
14 The city mayors of Russia
15 A group of volost elders
16 A newspaper kiosk in St Petersburg
17 A grocery store in St Petersburg
18 Dinner at a ball given by Countess Shuvalov
19 A soup kitchen for the unemployed in St Petersburg
20 Peasants of a northern Russian village
21 Peasant women threshing wheat
23 Twin brothers, former serfs, from Chernigov province
24 A typical Russian peasant household
25 A meeting of village elders
26 A religious procession in Smolensk province
27 The living space of four Moscow factory workers
28 Inside a Moscow engineering works
29 General Brusilov
30 Maxim Gorky
31 Prince G. E. Lvov
32 Sergei Semenov
33 Dmitry Os'kin
34 Alexander Kerensky
35 Lenin
36 Trotsky
37 Alexandra Kollontai
38 Soldiers fire at the demonstrating workers on 'Bloody Sunday', 1905
39 Demonstrators confront mounted Cossacks during 1905
40 The opening of the State Duma in April 1906
41 The Tauride Palace
42 Petr Stolypin