Анастасия или Анна? Величайшая загадка дома Романовых

1. Lorentz, Fischer, and Lehr-Splawinski, 24–27.

2. Details of 1900 census, atWilli Heidn, Die Ortschaften des Kreises Karthaus/Westpr., at www.westpreussen.de.

3. Charlotte Meyer to Dr. Hans Hermann Krampff, letter of February 14, 1944, in Staatsarchiv, Darmstadt.

4. Davies, 112; Lorentz, Fischer, and Lehr-Splawinski, vii, 4.

5. Lorentz, Fischer, and Lehr-Splawinski, 70–71, 88–89, 109–113.

6. Ibid., 70–71.

7. Registry of baptism, entry 196-A, December 24, 1896, Kreis Karthaus, Sullenschin, West Prussia, District Records Office.

8. Davies, 112; Lorentz, Fischer, and Lehr-Splawinski, vii, 4.

9. The drobna szlachta or petty nobility was the lowest of three aristocratic levels in the Polish szlachta, or national nobility; the Czenstkowskis were designated as szlachta zagonowa, the fourth of eight ranks in the petty nobility, indicating that they had received land from the sovereign. Information from Massie; Brzezinski, 1:6–11; Zamoyski, 1–3; www.ka-na.org; Manteuffel, 963–1194; Zajaczkowski, chap.1.

10. Manteuffel, 963–1194; Zajaczkowski, chap. 1.

11. Richard Meyer, burgomaster of Hygendorf, statement of September 1, 1944, in Staatsarchiv, Darmstadt.

12. Hamburg, Summary of Evidence in Frau Anna Anderson in Unterlengenhardt v. Barbara, Herzogin Christian Ludwig zu Mecklenburg, Ludwig, Prinz von Hesse und bei Rhein, May 18, 1967, 177; information from Ian Lilburn to the authors; Richard Meyer, burgomaster of Hygendorf, statement of September 1, 1944, in Staatsarchiv, Darmstadt.

13. Hamburg, Summary of Evidence in Frau Anna Anderson in Unterlengenhardt v. Barbara, Herzogin Christian Ludwig zu Mecklenburg, Ludwig, Prinz von Hesse und bei Rhein, May 18, 1967, 177–178. As with her husband’s surname, Marianna’s maiden name has been variously rendered in official documents as «Wilzke.»

14. Dr. Hans Hermann Krampff to Dr. Gunther Berenberg-Gossler, letter of July 16, 1958, quoting Richard Meyer, in Staatsarchiv, Darmstadt.

15. See Gertrude Ellerik, née Schanzkowska, statement of September 8, 1937, in Hamburg, XXIV, 65–70.

16. Dawson, 86–87.

17. Details of the family’s movements found in census records of 1900, 1905, and 1910, and in birth certificate of Felix Schanzkowsky, dated February 17, 1903, Glischnitz, Kreis Stolp, register entry C-1844, District Record Office; Gertrude Ellerik, née Schanzkowska, statement of September 8, 1937, in Hamburg, XXIV, 65–70; testimony of Frau Margarethe Kothe, February 18, 1958, quoting her mother, Frau Martha Borkowski, previously Reetz, née Schrock, in Staatsarchiv, Darmstadt; statement of Anna Thrun, née Kruger, May 30, 1958, in Staatsarchiv, Darmstadt.

18. Gertrude Ellerik, née Schanzkowska, statement of September 8, 1937, in Hamburg, XXIV, 65–70; Richard Meyer, burgomaster of Hygendorf, statement of September 1, 1944, in Staatsarchiv, Darmstadt.

19. Lorentz, Fischer, and Lehr-Splawinski, 31–32, 49–61.

20. Davies, 189; Lorentz, Fischer, and Lehr-Splawinksi, 19–22, 74, 99–101; Dawson, 77.

21. Gertrude Ellerik, née Schanzkowska, statement of May 23, 1959, in Hamburg, VII, 1470–1475.

22. Otto Meyer, statement of April 22, 1927, in Ian Lilburn Collection.

23. Gertrude Ellerik, née Schanzkowska, statement of May 23, 1959, in Hamburg, VII, 1470–1475.

24. Richard Meyer, burgomaster of Hygendorf, statement of September 1, 1944, in Staatsarchiv, Darmstadt.

25. Charlotte Meyer to Dr. Hans Hermann Krampff, letter of February 14, 1944, in Staatsarchiv, Darmstadt; Gertrude Ellerik, née Schanzkowska, statement of May 23, 1959, in Hamburg, VII, 1470–1475.

26. Gertrude Ellerik, née Schanzkowska, statement of May 23, 1959, in Hamburg, VII, 1470–1475; Gertrude Ellerik, née Schanzkowska, statement of September 8, 1937, in Hamburg, XXIV, 65–70; Felix Schanzkowsky, statement of November 10, 1937, in Hamburg., XXIV, 74–76; Valerian Schanzkowsky, statement of October 11, 1937, in Hamburg, XXV, 19–21; Hamburg, Summary of Evidence in Frau Anna Anderson in Unterlengenhardt v. Barbara, Herzogin Christian Ludwig zu Mecklenburg, Ludwig, Prinz von Hesse und bei Rhein, May 18, 1967, 92. A 1910 census of Borowilhas and Borok recorded that of the 611 residents in the area, 527 declared Kashubian to be their primary language, while only 84 listed German as their principal tongue. See http://pom-wpru.kerntopf.com/ortdetails/ort_borreck.htm.

27. Lorentz, Fischer, and Lehr-Splawinski, 3–11, 351–353.

28. Duke Georg of Leuchtenberg to Olga Alexandrovna, letter of August 26, 1927, in Hamburg, XIV, 2558–2559.

29. http://pom-wpru.kerntopf.com/ortdetails/ort_borreck.htm.

30. Lorentz, Fischer, and Lehr-Splawinski, 3–11, 187–190, 339–345; www.ka-na-org.

31. Gertrude Ellerik, née Schanzkowska, statement of May 23, 1959, in Hamburg, VII, 1470–1475; Felix Schanzkowsky, statement of May 9, 1927, in Hamburg, XIII, 2288–2289.

32. Hamburg, Summary of Evidence in Frau Anna Anderson in Unterlengenhardt v. Barbara, Herzogin Christian Ludwig zu Mecklenburg, Ludwig, Prinz von Hesse und bei Rhein, May 18, 1967, 187; Fritz Schuricht, testimony of May 21, 1959, in Staatsarchiv, Darmstadt, doc. 74 0.294/57.

33. Testimony of Anna (Thea) Chemnitz, née Malinovsky, December 17, 1958, in Hamburg, V, 979–981.

34. Gilliard and Savitch, 38.

35. See Massie, 250.

36. Felix Schanzkowsky, statement of May 9, 1927, in Hamburg, XIII, 2288–2289; Rathlef-Keilmann, 232–233; Dr. Lothar Nobel, report of March 1926, in Hamburg, XIII, 4417–4426.

37. Richard Meyer, quoted by Dr. Hans Hermann Krampff to Dr. Gunther Berenberg-Gossler, in letter of July 16, 1958, in Staatsarchiv, Darmstadt.

38. Gertrude Ellerik, née Schanzkowska, statement of May 23, 1959, in Hamburg, VII, 1470–1475.

39. Richard Meyer, quoted by Dr. Hans Hermann Krampff to Dr. Gunther Berenberg-Gossler, in letter of July 16, 1958, in Staatsarchiv, Darmstadt.

40. Richard Meyer, statement of September 1, 1944, in Staatsarchiv, Darmstadt.

41. Franziska Schanzkowski und ihr Leben, 4.

42. Richard Meyer, quoted by Dr. Hans Hermann Krampff to Dr. Gunther Berenberg-Gossler, in letter of July 16, 1958, in Staatsarchiv, Darmstadt; Richard Meyer, statement of July 18, 1958, in Staatsarchiv, Darmstadt.

43. Information from Ian Lilburn to the authors.

44. Herman, 267–282; also see Russell for further discussion.

45. Herman, 272–279; Courtois, 203–208; Herman, Perry, and van der Kolk, 492–494; also see Wyatt and Johnson Powell for further discussion.

46. Martha Borkowski, née Schrock, testimony of May 23, 1958, in Hamburg, III, 563–564; also see testimony of Frau Margarethe Kothe, February 18, 1958, in Staatsarchiv, Darm-stadt.

47. Richard Meyer, quoted by Dr. Hans Hermann Krampff to Dr. Gunther Berenberg-Gossler, in letter of July 16, 1958, in Staatsarchiv, Darmstadt.

48. Richard Meyer, statement of July 18, 1958, in Staatsarchiv, Darmstadt.

49. Hamburg, Summary of Evidence in Frau Anna Anderson in Unterlengenhardt v. Barbara, Herzogin Christian Ludwig zu Mecklenburg, Ludwig, Prinz von Hesse und bei Rhein, May 18, 1967, 184.

50. Gertrude Ellerik, née Schanzkowska, statement of May 23, 1959, in Hamburg, VII, 1470–1475.

51. Heinrich Trapp, quoted by Dr. Hans Hermann Krampff to Dr. Gunther Berenberg-Gossler, in letter of July 16, 1958, in Staatsarchiv, Darmstadt.

52. Hamburg, Summary of Evidence in Frau Anna Anderson in Unterlengenhardt v. Barbara, Herzogin Christian Ludwig zu Mecklenburg, Ludwig, Prinz von Hesse und bei Rhein, May 18, 1967, 177.

53. Richard Meyer, quoted by Dr. Hans Hermann Krampff to Dr. Gunther Berenberg-Gossler, in letter of July 16, 1958, in Staatsarchiv, Darmstadt.

54. Richard Meyer, statement of July 18, 1958, in Staatsarchiv, Darmstadt.

55. Fritz Schuricht, testimony of May 21, 1959, in Staatsarchiv, Darmstadt, doc. 74 0.294/57.

56. Marianna Knopf, quoted in Martin Knopf, «Report on Franziska Schanzkowska,» 1927, in Staatsarchiv, Darmstadt.

57. These rumors about incest and Marianna’s worries over Franziska came to the attention of Anna Anderson’s legal team during the Hamburg trials, according to Ian Lilburn, but were never explored or introduced into evidence. Information from Ian Lilburn to the authors.

58. Hamburg, Summary of Evidence in Frau Anna Anderson in Unterlengenhardt v. Barbara, Herzogin Christian Ludwig zu Mecklenburg, Ludwig, Prinz von Hesse und bei Rhein, May 18, 1967, 178.