Анастасия или Анна? Величайшая загадка дома Романовых

1. Doris Rittmann, née Wingender, statement of May 20, 1958, in Staatsarchiv, Darmstadt, 74 0.294/57; affidavit of Doris Rittmann, née Wingender, February 5, 1960, in Hamburg, XIV, 2365; letter of Doris Rittmann, née Wingender, to Hans Hermann Krampff, December 11, 1955, in Hamburg, XIV, 2366–2367; Doris Rittmann, née Wingender, testimony of December 17, 1965, in Hamburg, XXIX, 5346–5356; Doris Rittmann, née Wingender, testimony of November 18–19, 1965, in Hamburg, XXVII, 5144–5151; Doris Rittmann, née Wingender, statement of May 7, 1958, in Hamburg, III, 502–513. The issue of Die Woche, dated February 2, 1927, was admitted into evidence at Hamburg, in XXXII, 6029. The clarity of the image, a central point, was raised during the Hamburg trials, as discussed in Kurth, 348–349. Kurth, though, confirms that the photograph was clearly recognizable as Fran-ziska. Information from Peter Kurth to Greg King.

2. Luise Fiedler, née Wingender, testimony of December 17, 1965, in Hamburg, XXIX, 5356–5358; Luise Fiedler, née Wingender, testimony of November 18, 1965, in Hamburg, XXVIII, 5145–5147; Luise Fiedler, née Wingender, statement of May 21, 1958, in Hamburg, III, 542–547.

3. Doris Rittmann, née Wingender, statement of May 20, 1958, in Staatsarchiv, Darmstadt, 74 0.294/57; notes by Dr. Hans Hermann Krampff concerning visit to Frau Maria Kathe Wypyrczyk, née Wingender, and Luise Fiedler, née Wingender, in Hamburg, X, 1861–1862; affidavit of Doris Rittmann, née Wingender, February 5, 1960, in Hamburg, XIV, 2365; letter of Doris Rittmann, née Wingender, to Hans Hermann Krampff, December 11, 1955, in Hamburg, XIV, 2366–2367; Doris Rittmann, née Wingender, testimony of December 17, 1965, in Hamburg, XXIX, 5346–5356; Doris Rittmann, née Wingender, testimony of November 18–19, 1965, in Hamburg, XXVII, 5144–5151; Doris Rittmann, née Wingender, statement of May 7, 1958, in Hamburg, III, 502–513; Luise Fiedler, née Wingender, testimony of December 17, 1965, in Hamburg, XXIX, 5356–5358; Luise Fiedler, née Wingender, testimony of November 18, 1965, in Hamburg, XXVIII, 5145–5147; Luise Fiedler, née Wingender, statement of May 21, 1958, in Hamburg, III, 542–547.

4. Doris Rittmann, née Wingender, statement of May 20, 1958, in Staatsarchiv, Darmstadt, 74 0.294/57; Wilhelm Voller interview with Anna Wingender, statement of May 25, 1927, cited in Hamburg, Summary of Evidence in Frau Anna Anderson in Unterlengenhardt v. Barbara, Herzogin Christian Ludwig zu Mecklenburg, Ludwig, Prinz von Hesse und bei Rhein, May 18, 1967, 59–60.

5. Doris Rittmann, née Wingender, testimony of November 18, 1965, in Hamburg, XXVII, 5144–5151; Doris Rittmann, née Wingender, statement of May 20, 1958, in Staatsarchiv, Darmstadt, 74 0.294/57; Doris Rittmann, née Wingender, statement of December 11, 1955, in Hamburg, XIV, 2366–2367; Fritz Lücke, testimony of November 17, 1965, in Hamburg, XXVII, 5167; affidavit of Doris Rittmann, née Wingender, February 5, 1960, in Hamburg, XIV, 2365; Martin Knopf, «Report on Franziska Schanzkowska,» 1927, in Staatsarchiv, Darmstadt. The contract stipulated that Doris was to receive 1,000 marks on confirmation of her story, and 500 marks on publication.

6. Andrei Vladimirovich to Serge Botkin, letter of May 13 1927, in Ian Lilburn Collection; information from Ian Lilburn to the authors.

7. See letter from Fritz Spengruber, in Tägliche Rundschau, Berlin, October 4, 1927; Duke Georg of Leuchtenberg to Olga Alexandrovna, letter of August 26, 1927, in Hamburg, XIV, 2558–2559; Fritz Lucke, testimony of July 10, 1958, in Hamburg, IV, 666–667; Agnes Wasserschleben, statement of July 28, 1929, in Hamburg, VI, 1017–1024.

8. Hamburg, Summary of Evidence in Frau Anna Anderson in Unterlengenhardt v. Barbara, Herzogin Christian Ludwig zu Mecklenburg, Ludwig, Prinz von Hesse und bei Rhein, May 18, 1967, 69.

9. See Berliner Nachtausgabe, April 6, 1927; Gilliard and Savitch, 175–176; Police von Anfang April und vom June 2, 1927, in Hamburg under der Keikate ZK 83 Tchaikovsky Bl 72, 72R, 75.

10. Martin Knopf, affidavit of February 28, 1928, in Hamburg, XIV, 2353–2354; Martin Knopf, «Report on Franziska Schanzkowska,» 1927, in Staatsarchiv, Darmstadt.

11. Fritz Lücke, testimony of July 10, 1958, in Hamburg, IV, 666–667; cable from Knopf to Berlin Police of March 26, 1927, in Hamburg under Bl 68, ZK 83, 76–77.

12. Berliner Nachtausgabe, April 16, 1927.

13. See Martin Knopf, affidavit of February 28, 1928, in Hamburg, XIV, 2353–2354; Knopf, cable of March 26, 1927, to Berlin Police, in Hamburg under Bl 68 ZK 83, 76–77; Marianna Knopf, quoted in Martin Knopf, «Report on Franziska Schanzkowska,» 1927, in Staatsarchiv, Darmstadt; Gertrude Ellerik, née Schanzkowska, statement of May 23, 1959, in Hamburg, VII, 1470–1475.

14. Gertrude Ellerik, née Schanzkowska, statement of May 23, 1959, in Hamburg, VII, 1470–1475.

15. Martin Knopf, affidavit of February 28, 1928, in Hamburg, XIV, 2353–2354; Knopf, cable of March 26, 1927, to Berlin Police, in Hamburg under Bl 68 ZK 83, 76–77; Escaich, 123.

16. Cited in Kurth, 168.

17. Berliner Nachtausgabe, April 5, 1927.

18. See Berliner Nachtausgabe, April 5–16, 1927.

19. Berliner Nachtausgabe, April 8, 1927.

20. See Duke Georg of Leuchtenberg to Olga Alexandrovna, letter of August 26, 1927, in Hamburg, XIV, 2558–2559.

21. Rathlef-Keilmann, 172.

22. Doris Rittmann, née Wingender, statement of May 20, 1958, in Staatsarchiv, Darmstadt, 74 0.294/57; Berliner Nachtausgabe, April 11, 1927.

23. Doris Rittmann, née Wingender, statement of May 20, 1958, in Staatsarchiv, Darmstadt, 74 0.294/57; Berliner Nachtausgabe, April 11, 1927. There are several variations of this utterance. The duke of Leuchtenberg recalled it as «Sie muss herausgehen!» (She must get out!), while Faith Lavington was told that she shouted the rather less grammatical, «Dass muss heraus!» (That must out!). See the duke’s account in Rathlef-Keilmann, 171, and the diary of Faith Lavington, entry of February 21, 1928, in Hamburg, XXXIV, 6402–6428.

24. Marianna Knopf, quoted in Martin Knopf, «Report on Franziska Schanzkowska,» 1927, in Staatsarchiv, Darmstadt; Martin Knopf, affidavit of February 28, 1928, in Hamburg, XIV, 2353–2354.

25. Doris Rittmann, née Wingender, statement of May 20, 1958, in Staatsarchiv, Darmstadt, 74 0.294/57; Doris Rittmann, née Wingender, affidavit of February 5, 1960, in Hamburg, XIV, 2365.

26. Martin Knopf, «Report on Franziska Schanzkowska,» 1927, in Staatsarchiv, Darmstadt; Martin Knopf, affidavit of February 28, 1928, in Hamburg, XIV, 2353–2354.

27. Berliner Nachtausgabe, April 11, 1927.

28. Ibid.; see also Martin Knopf, «Report on Franziska Schanz-kowska,» 1927, in Staatsarchiv, Darmstadt; Martin Knopf, affidavit of February 28, 1928, in Hamburg, XIV, 2353–2354.

29. Diary of Faith Lavington, entry of February 21, 1928, in Hamburg, XXXIV, 6402–6428.

30. Luise Fiedler, née Wingender, testimony of November 19, 1965, in Hamburg, XXVIII, 5145–5147.

31. See L’Illustration, Paris, February 18, 1928.

32. Kurth, 170.

33. Rathlef-Keilmann, 174.

34. See Martin Knopf, «Report on Franziska Schanzkowska,» 1927, in Staatsarchiv, Darmstadt; Martin Knopf, affidavit of February 28, 1928, in Hamburg, XIV, 2353–2354.

35. Frau Margarethe Kothe, statement of February 18, 1958, in Staatsarchiv, Darmstadt; Dr. Hans Hermann Krampff to Dr. Gunther Berenberg-Gossler, letter of July 16, 1958, quoting Heinrich Trapp, in Staatsarchiv, Darmstadt; Richard Meyer, statement of July 18, 1958, in Staatsarchiv, Darmstadt.

36. Fritz Schuricht, statement of May 21, 1959, in Staatsarchiv, Darmstadt, doc. 74 0.294/57.

37. Frau Margarethe Kothe, statement of February 18, 1958, quoting her mother, Frau Martha Borkowski, previously Reetz, née Schrock, in Staatsarchiv, Darmstadt.

38. Wilhelm Voller, affidavit of May 10, 1927, in Hamburg, XIV, 2380–2384.

39. Diary of Faith Lavington, entry of February 21, 1928, in Hamburg, XXXIV, 6402–6428; Duke Dimitri of Leuchtenberg, statement of April 15, 1958, in Hamburg, III, 521–522; Duchess Nathalie of Leuchtenberg, Baronin Meller-Zakomelski, statement of November 3, 1959, in Hamburg, IX, 1623–1630.

40. Wilhelm Voller, affidavit of May 10, 1927, in Hamburg, XIV, 2380–2384; diary of Faith Lavington, entry of February 21, 1928, in Hamburg, XXXIV, 6402–6428.

41. Diary of Faith Lavington, entry of February 21, 1928, in Hamburg, XXXIV, 6402–6428.

42. Wilhelm Voller, affidavit of May 10, 1927, in Hamburg, XIV, 2380–2384.

43. Duke Dimitri of Leuchtenberg, letter of March 5, 1961, in Vorres, 239–240; Duke Dimitri of Leuchtenberg, statement of April 15, 1958, in Hamburg, III, 521–522; Duchess Catherine of Leuchtenberg, statement of March 20, 1959, in Hamburg, VII, 1261–1264; information from Robert K. Massie to the authors; Hamburg, Summary of Evidence in Frau Anna Anderson in Unterlengenhardt v. Barbara, Herzogin Christian Ludwig zu Mecklenburg, Ludwig, Prinz von Hesse und bei Rhein, May 18, 1967, 182.

44. Rathlef-Keilmann, 174; Botkin, Real Romanovs, 284.

45. Duchess Nathalia of Leuchtenberg, Baronin Meller-Zakomelski, statement of November 3, 1959, in Hamburg, IX, 1623–1630.

46. Wilhelm Voller, affidavit of May 10, 1927, in Hamburg, XIV, 2380–2384.

47. Felix Schanzkowsky, affidavit of May 9, 1927, in Hamburg, XIII, 2288–2289.

48. Duke Georg of Leuchtenberg to Olga Alexandrovna, letter of August 26, 1927, in Hamburg, XIV, 2558–2559.

49. Botkin, Woman Who Rose Again, 85.

50. Ibid., 93–94, 87.

51. Rathlef-Keilmann, 176.

52. Klier and Mingay, 106.

53. Rathlef-Keilmann, 176.

54. Ibid.; Friedrich, 333; Wilson and Pitman, 243–244; New York Times, July 6, 1921.

55. Kriminalpolizei File 678 IV K 15/27, Case 21.J.266/28, cited in Gilliard and Savitch, 185.

56. Rathlef-Keilmann articles in Tägliche Rundschau, Berlin, October 1927, in Hamburg, XVII, 3165–3188.

57. Otto Meyer to Martin Knopf, in Martin Knopf, affidavit of February 28, 1928, in Hamburg, XIV, 2353; Richard Meyer quoted in letter of Dr. Hans Hermann Krampff to Dr. Gunther von Berenberg-Gossler, July 16, 1958, in Staatsarchiv, Darmstadt; Richard Meyer, statement of July 18, 1958, in Staatsarchiv, Darmstadt; Frau Margarethe Kothe, statement of February 18, 1958, quoting mother Martha Borkowski, previously Reetz, née Schrock, in Staatsarchiv, Darmstadt; Doris Rittmann, née Wingender, statement of May 20, 1958, in Staatsarchiv, Darmstadt, 74 0.294/57; affidavit of Doris Rittmann, née Wingender, February 5, 1960, in Hamburg, XIV/2365; Letter of Doris Rittmann, née Wingender, to Dr. Hans Hermann Krampff, December 11, 1955, in Hamburg, XIV, 2366–2367; Luise Fiedler, née Wingender, statement of May 21, 1958, in Hamburg, III, 542–547; file notes by Dr. Hans Hermann Krampf concerning visit to Frau Maria Kathe Wypyrczyk, née Wingender, and Luise Fiedler, née Wingender, in Hamburg, X, 1861–1862. During the Hamburg trial Martha Schrock failed to identify Franziska from a group of photographs; more than thirty years earlier, though, when memories were presumably more vivid, she had unhesitatingly recognized photographs of the claimant as Franziska. See Kurth, 307.

58. Hessischen Polizeiamt Kriminalzentrale für Hessen-Erken-nungsdienst, Darmstadt, April 26, 1927, in Hamburg, Bln, 11–17 loose; Berlin Police files of Franziska Schanzkowska submitted from Reichskriminalpolizeiamt Berlin die Vorgange, 8623, in Hamburg, IV, 147–150; and Police von Anfang April und vom June 2, 1927, in Hamburg, under Bln, ZK 83 Tchaikovsky, 72, 72R, 75.

59. Gertrude Ellerik, née Schanzkowska, statement of May 23, 1959, in Hamburg, VII, 1470–1475; Gertrude Ellerik, née Schanzkowska, statement of November 26, 1966, in Hamburg, XXXV, 6148.

60. Emma Mueller Schanzkowsky to Dr. Hans Hermann Krampff, letter of February 10, 1969, in Hamburg, XIV, 2340; Waltraut von Czenstkowski, affidavit of July 23, 1959, in Hamburg, X, 1863, and of January 31, 1961, in Hamburg, XIV, 2388; Gertrude Ellerik, née Schanzkowska, statement of May 23, 1959, in Hamburg, VII, 1470–1475.

61. Hamburg, Summary of Evidence in Frau Anna Anderson in Unterlengenhardt v. Barbara, Herzogin Christian Ludwig zu Mecklenburg, Ludwig, Prinz von Hesse und bei Rhein, May 18, 1967, 91.

62. Kurth, 282.

63. Hamburg, Summary of Evidence in Frau Anna Anderson in Unterlengenhardt v. Barbara, Herzogin Christian Ludwig zu Mecklenburg, Ludwig, Prinz von Hesse und bei Rhein, May 18, 1967, 177–178; Gertrude Ellerik, née Schanz-kowska, statement of May 23 1959, in Hamburg, VII, 1470–1475.

64. Gertrude Ellerik, née Schanzkowska, statement of May 23, 1959, in Hamburg, VII, 1470–1475.

65. Gertrude Ellerik, née Schanzkowska, statement of May 23, 1959, in Hamburg, VII, 1470–1475; Gertrude Ellerik, née Schanzkowska, statement in Hygendorf on September 8, 1937, in Hamburg, XXIV, 65–70; Felix Schanzkowsky, statement of November 10, 1937, in Hamburg, XXIV, 74–76; Valerian Schanzkowsky, statement of October 11, 1937, in Hamburg, XXV, 19–21; report from Criminal State Police, Hannover, July 10, 1938, in Hamburg, I, 44–52.