Английский язык

2. Some of the health problems are linked to the sea's recession. (What…to?)

3. Poor quality drinking water is a critical problem. (What..?)

4. Such water has high salt levels. (What salt levels..?)

5. The Aral Sea water contains pesticides, defoliants, fertilizers. (What..?)

4. Make the following sentences negative:

1. Commercial fishing ceased in the 1980s.

2. The shoreline receded tens of kilometers from fishing towns and villages.

3. Commercial navigation across the Aral Sea stopped.

4. Animal husbandry has been damaged by the diminishing productivity of pastures.

5. Natural vegetation and crops are suffering the most damage.

6. Health problems are the results of environmental pollution.

7. General mortality and morbidity are the highest in the region.

5. Answer the questions:

1. Why did commercial fishing cease in the Aral Sea?

2. Why did commercial navigation stop?

3. Why is the region around the sea considered as "ecological disaster zone"?

4. Why was animal husbandry damaged?

5. What is the reason of high levels of respiratory illnesses?

6. What does the population of the area suffer?

7. What is the reason of the poor quality drinking water?

8. What does the drinking water contain?

9. What is the result of poor medical care, poor diet and lack of sewage system?

UNIT V

New words and expressions:

issue (n, v) – вопрос, выпускать

implementation – выполнение

ensure – обеспечивать

supply (n,v) – снабжение, снабжать,

at least – по крайней мере

release – выпускать

cope – справляться

improve – улучшать

diversify – разнообразить

emphasis – ударение

means – средство

local – местный

care – забота, попечение , уход

delivery – доставка

as well as – также, тоже

total – итог, сумма, общий, полный

estimate – оценивать

recession – спад

halt – останавливать

gradually – постепенно

restoration – восстановление

endemic – эндемический

species – виды

tolerant – терпимый

valuable – ценный

flourish – процветать

assume – принимать

rehabilitate – восстанавливать

however – однако, тем не менее

scheme – проект, замысел

scope – пределы, простор, размах

alter – переделывать, изменять

approach – приближение, подход, подступ, приближаться

basin – бассейн

provision – снабжение, обеспечение

oblige – обязывать, заставлять

resolve – решать

effort – усилие

contribution – вклад

observer – наблюдатель

alleviate – облегчать

involve – вовлекать

evaluation – оценка

deflation – спуск

Read the international words and give their Russian equivalents:

rehabilitation, public, pressure, central, decree, order, program, medical, service, region, ecological, condition, irrigation, system, guarantee, concept, crisis, commission, expert, economy, agriculture, production, manufacture, local, standard, stabilize, limit, total, billion, endemic, commercial, ocean, formulate, assistance, plan, credit, infrastructure, management, fund.

Rehabilitation Efforts

Since 1986 the Aral Sea problem has become a major public issue in the former USSR. Under considerable public pressure, the former Central Government of the Soviet Union issued a decree on the Aral Sea in September 1988. It ordered development and implementation of a program to improve medical and health services in the region around the Aral Sea, ensure safe drinking water supplies, improve ecological conditions in the deltas of the Amu-Dar'ya and Syr-Dar'ya, rebuild and raise the efficiency of irrigation systems and guarantee the delivery of at least 21 cubic kilometers of water per year to the Aral Sea by 2005.

In February 1991, the State Commission on the Aral Sea released a concept for coping with the crisis, developed by an "expert working group". It proposed a broad program intended to a) improve land and water use;

b) diversify the economy in the Aral Sea region with less emphasis on irrigated agriculture and cotton production and light manufacturing as means of reducing water use, increasing local food supplies and improving living standards;

c) improve health and medical care and;

d) ensure delivery of much more water to the Aral Sea as well as stabilizing the dried bottom to limit deflation of salt and dust.