My friend said to me, "I had known you before we were introduced to each other." – My friend told me that he had known me before we were introduced to each other.
–Past Perfect Continuous – Past Perfect Continuous
My wife said, "We had been dating for 3 years before we got married." – My wife said that we had been dating for 3 years before we got married.
–Future Simple (will) – Future in the Past (would)
The doctor said, "You will get the result of your blood test tomorrow." – The doctor said that I would get the result of my blood test the next day.
–Модальные глаголы в косвенной речи
Если в прямой речи были модальные глаголы
, то те из них, которые имеют формы прошедшего времени, изменятся в косвенной речи: can – could, may – might, have (to) – had (to). Остальные при переходе в косвенную речь не меняются.Direct speech: He said, "The contract can be signed in the evening."
–Indirect speech: He said that the contract could be signed in the evening.
–Direct speech: She said to him, "You should (ought to) send them a telegram immediately."
–Indirect speech: She told him that he should (ought to) send them a telegram immediately.
–Глагол must
заменяется в косвенной речи глаголом had, когда выражает необходимость совершения действия в силу определенных обстоятельств:Direct speech: She said, "I must send him a telegram at once."
–Indirect speech: She said that she had to send him a telegram at once.
–Когда же глагол must
выражает приказание или совет, то он остается без изменения:Direct speech: He said to her, "You must consult a doctor."
–Indirect speech: He told her that she must consult a doctor.
–В некоторых случаях необходимо согласовать не только времена, но и отдельные слова.
Direct speech: He said, "I am dying now".
–То есть в данный момент он умирает. Однако, когда мы будем передавать его слова, то будем говорить уже не про сейчас, а про момент времени в прошлом (тот, когда он умирал). Поэтому мы меняем now
Indirect speech: He said that he was dying then.
–Слова, изменяющиеся в косвенной речи
Direct
speech – Indirectspeechthis, these – that, those
–here – there
–