Читаем Architecture: A Very Short Introduction полностью

Architecture: A Very Short Introduction

This highly original and sophisticated look at architecture helps us to understand the cultural significance of the buildings that surround us. It avoids the traditional style-spotting approach and instead gives us an idea of what it is about buildings that moves us, and what it is that makes them important artistically and culturally. The book begins by looking at how architecture acquires meaning through tradition, and concludes with the exoticism of the recent avant-garde period. Illustrations of particular buildings help to anchor the general points with specific examples, from ancient Egypt to the present day.

Andrew Ballantyne

Искусство и Дизайн18+

Andrew BallantyneARCHITECTUREA Very Short Introduction

To Di Leitch

List of illustrations

1 AT&T Building, New York (1978–80); architect: Philip Johnson (born 1906)

2 Traditional cottage, uncertain date, but pre-20th century; no architect

Hulton Archive

3 Royal Pavilion, Brighton, England (1815–21); architect: John Nash (1752–1835)

4 Great Pyramid of Khufu, Giza, near Cairo, Egypt (2723–2563 BC); architect: unknown

5 Palace of Westminster, London, England (1836–68); architect: Sir Charles Barry (1795–1860) with A. W. N. Pugin (1812–52)

6 Chandigarh, Punjab, India (1950–65); architect: Le Corbusier (1887–1965)

7 The Parthenon, Athens, Greece (447–436 BC); architects: Ictinus and Callicrates working with the sculptor Phidias

8 Cathedral of St Etienne, Bourges, France (begun 1190)

9 Schröder house, Utrecht, Netherlands (1924); architect: Gerrit Rietveld (1888–1964)

Centraal Museum, Utrecht

10 Falling Water, Bear Run, Pennsylvania (1936–9); architect: Frank Lloyd Wright (1867–1959)

11 Wieskirche, Steinhausen, Bavaria, Germany (1745–54); architect: Dominikus Zimmerman (1681–1766)

12 Monticello, near Charlottesville, Virginia (1796–1808); architect: Thomas Jefferson (1743–1836)

13 Maison Carrée, Nîmes, France (AD 1–10); architect: unknown

14 The Pantheon, Rome, Italy (AD 118–25); architect: anonymous, but worked under the direction of the Emperor Hadrian

Archivi Alinari, Florence

15 Villa Capra, Vicenza, Italy (1569); architect: Andrea Palladio (1508–80)

Archivi Alinari, Florence

16 Chiswick Villa, London, England (1725); architect: Lord Burlington (1694–1753)

17 Model of Temple of Juno Sospita, Lanuvium — Etruscan temple, according to Vitruvius (5th century BC)

18 Seagram Building, Manhattan, New York City (1954–8); architects: Mies van der Rohe (1886–1969) and Philip Johnson (born 1906)

19 Opera House, Sydney, Australia (1957–73); architect: Jorn Utson (born 1918)

20 Chicago Tribune Tower, Chicago, Illinois (1923–5); architects: John Mead Howells (1868–1959) and Raymond Hood (1881–1934)

Underwood & Underwood/Corbis

21 Métro entrance surrounds, Paris, France (1899–1905); architect: Hector Guimard (1867–1942)

22 Expiatory Church of the Sagrada Familia, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain (begun 1882); architect: Antoni Gaudí (1852–1926)

23 Mausoleum of the Taj Mahal, Agra, India (1630–53); architect: Ustad ‘Isa (dates unknown)

24 Guggenheim Museum, Bilbao, Spain (1997); architect: Frank Gehry (born 1929)

Erika Barahona Ede/© FMGB Guggenheim Bilbao

25 Centre Georges Pompidou, Paris, France (1977); architects: Renzo Piano (born 1937) and Richard Rogers (born 1933)

Introduction

I met a traveller from an antique land

Who said, ‘Two vast and trunkless legs of stone

Stand in the desert. Near them, on the sand

Half-sunk, a shattered visage lies, whose frown

And wrinkled lip, and sneer of cold command,

Tell that its sculptor well those passions read

Which yet survive, stamped on these lifeless things,

The hand that mocked them, and the heart that fed;

And on the pedestal these words appear:

“My name is Ozymandias, King of Kings,

Look on my works, ye mighty, and despair!”

Nothing beside remains. Round the decay

Of that colossal wreck, boundless and bare,

The lone and level sands stretch far away.’

(Percy Bysshe Shelley, Ozymandias, 1818)

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