Библейский Израиль. История двух народов

Этбаал, царь финикийского города Сидон — 326

Эфраим (Ефрем), важнейшее древнееврейское племя, лидер северных колен — 47, 49, 57, 61, 90, 96, 98, 189, 203, 215, 221, 226, 229, 231, 239, 240, 262, 272, 273, 285, 296, 302, 306, 317, 318, 322, 353, 354, 362, 370–372, 377–379, 404, 414, 420, 421, 450, 493, 512, 516–518, 536

Эфрайин, город в центральной Палестине в области колена Биньямин — 383

Эфрат — см. Вифлеем

Эфрон, сын Цохара, хетт, первоначальный владелец пещеры Махпела — гробницы патриархов — 53

Эхуд (Аод), биньяминянин, израильский судья, разгромивший моавитян — 219, 225, 252

Эцион-Гебер, иудейский город-порт на Красном море — 283, 284, 331

Эшколь, союзник Авраама — 28, 177

Эшнунна, аморейское царство в Месопотамии — 87

Ю

Юбилеев книга, апокриф Ветхого Завета — 42

Южное царство — см. Иудея

Я

Яббок, приток реки Иордан — 43

Явеш-Гилад, город и область в израильском Заиорданье — 228, 355

Явин (Иавин), династия царей Хацора, города и царства в северной Палестине — 234, 251, 272

Явнэ, иудейский город — 408

Ямхад, аморейское царство в северной Сирии — 87

Ярмут, город в южной Палестине — 197

Яхве (Вечносущий), подлинное имя Бога древнееврейских племен, открытое Моисею — 135, 529

яхвизм, культ Бога Яхве, превращенный Моисеем в первое в мире монотеистическое учение — 191, 218, 219, 221, 224, 233, 236, 237, 260, 261, 263, 291, 294, 307, 310, 316, 319, 320, 327, 332, 341, 344, 351, 375, 378, 401, 406, 408, 412, 416, 416–420, 434, 435, 446, 474, 507, 510, 512, 514, 517–530, 540

«Яхвист» (J), тексты Пятикнижия, созданные в Южном царстве (Иудея) — 9, 292, 531

Яхмос, египетский фараон, основатель XVIII династии и Нового царства в Египте — 93–95, 110, 120

Яэль (Иаиль), жена вождя кениев, вставшая на сторону древнееврейских племен — 251

Summary

This book is dedicated to the most mysterious and controversial events of a period in biblical history that spans almost fifteen hundred years: from the time of the patriarch Abraham to the destruction of the First Temple. On the basis of the biblical texts and ancient Near Eastern sources, the author presents an entirely new view of the history of Early Israel and the origin of the Hebrew tribes and their kingdoms: Israel and Judah. The book takes a new look at the epoch of the patriarchs, the sojourn in Egypt, the Exodus, and the conquest of Canaan. The author, a professor of Near Eastern history, corroborates many of the facts mentioned in the Bible, and finds that the real story, decoded from biblical texts, is considerably more interesting, dramatic and exciting than anything we have known before.

The original homeland of the ancient Semitic peoples, including Hebrews, was not northern Arabia, as had been thought, but the northwestern Mesopotamia, the upper courses of Euphrates and Tigris. Approximately, 6000–5000 years B.C.E. the ecological catastrophe in the Black Sea area set into motion the Indo-European tribes that subsequently displaced the Semites and the Hurrians to south: to Mesopotamia, Syria and Palestine.

The biblical family, in actuality, was a group of closely-related peoples and the biblical patriarchs represent the leaders of entire tribal unions. Abraham was not merely the head of his family, he was the leader of a large group of tribes which divided up over time into separate and independent peoples. The move of the biblical family from Ur to Haran and from Haran to Canaan, as well as the temporary departure into Egypt, turned out to be the movements of the Western Semitic nomadic peoples. Within the intricacies of the personal lives of Abraham and Lot, Isaac and Ishmael, Jacob and Esau, the history of their peoples is hidden. The new faith of Abraham was not a monotheistic revolution yet, but the adoption of the cult of supreme Canaanite god El.

An analysis of the book of Genesis allows us to suppose that the genealogy of biblical family constitutes an expert combination of the legends of two different tribal groups — the southern and northern, which arrived in Canaan and then left for Egypt at different times. The name of the patriarch Jacob-Israel in fact masks two forefathers of Hebrew tribes. Their single genealogy, as well common history, were only composed during the United Kingdom in the first half of the 10^th century В. C. The majority of biblical history with which we are familiar, up until 12^th century B.C., only represents the history of the southern tribal group „Jacob“, to which were later added a few fragments from the past of the northern group „Israel.“