Biological Exuberance: Animal Homosexuality and Natural Diversity

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HUMMINGBIRDS, WOODPECKERS, AND OTHERS

LONG-TAILED HERMIT HUMMINGBIRD

IDENTIFICATION: A medium-sized hummingbird with purplish or greenish bronze upperparts, a striped face, a long, downward-curving bill, and elongated tail feathers. DISTRIBUTION: Southwestern Mexico, Central America, northwestern South America. HABITAT: Tropical forest undergrowth. STUDY AREA: La Selva Biological Reserve, Sarapiqui, Costa Rica.

ANNA’S HUMMINGBIRD

IDENTIFICATION: A medium-sized hummingbird (up to 4 inches long) with an iridescent, rose-colored throat and crown (in males), and a bronze-green back. DISTRIBUTION: Western United States to northwestern Mexico. HABITAT: Woodland, chaparral, scrub, meadows. STUDY AREA: Franklin Canyon, Santa Monica Mountains, California.

Social Organization

Long-tailed Hermit Hummingbirds form singing assemblies or LEKS composed of about a dozen males and have a polygamous or promiscuous mating system (in which birds mate with multiple partners). Anna’s Hummingbirds are not particularly social: each bird defends its own territory and does not generally associate with others. No pair formation occurs as part of the mating system; instead, males and probably also females mate with several different partners.

Description