Catherine the Great & Potemkin: The Imperial Love Affair

22 RA (1888) 3 pp 364–7, On Clothes and Arms of Soldiers, GAP to CII. Masson vol 1 p 103. RGADA 5.85.3.81, CII ukase to GAP on transformation of Dragoon and Hussar regiments and irregular forces 15 December 1774. SBVIM vol 1 pp 74–88; pp 74–88; p 13, GAP to College of War 16 November 1774; p 38; p 10, GAP order to Kazan Cuirassier Regiment 27 October 1774. See also RS 7 pp 722–7; RA (1888) 2 pp 364–7; and RS (1908) 136 p 101. Senator Nikolai Yakovlevich Tregubov, Zapiski. A. Begunova, Way through the Centuries pp 86–7. These reforms were continued through the 1780s – see SIRIO 27 (1880): p 348, CII ukase to GAP 14 January 1785. It is worth noting that the British Army abolished this ‘fancy dress’ – powder, pomatum ex cetera – only in the nineteenth century, long after GAP had done so in Russia.

23 Harris p 498, H to Grantham 20/31 January 1783.

24 P. V. Zavadovsky, Pisma Zavadovskago k Rumiantsevu p 255, P. V. Zavadovsky to P. A. Rumiantsev.

25 RGVIA 271.1.31.14, M. S. Potemkin to GAP ud.

26 RGADA 5.85.1.440, L 162, CII to GAP. RGADA 1.1.43.61, L 163, GAP to CII 22 April 1783.

27 RGADA 5.85.1.449, L 165, CII to GAP May 1783.

28 M. S. Vorontsov’s Family Archive p 265 no 38, GAP order to General Count A. B. de Balmain 31 May 1783; p 265 no 40, GAP order to Lt-Gen A. S. Suvorov 10 June 1783; p 266 no 42 and 43 and 54, GAP orders to de Balmain 14 and 23 June 1783; p 277 no 77, GAP order to de Balmain; p 279 no 83, GAP order to Lt-Col Rakhmanov.

29 AVPRI 123.123/2.71.127, GAP to de Balmain. RGADA 1.1/1.43.76–7. RGADA 5.85.1.450, CII to GAP. RGADA 1.1/1.43.78, GAP to CII. RGADA 5.85.1.456, CII to GAP. RGADA 5.85.1.459, CII to GAP. RGADA 1.1/1.43.80, L 165–73, GAP to CII. RGVIA 52.2.37.63, GAP to Bezborodko. Harris p 504, Grantham to H 22 February 1783.

30 Louis XVI–Comte de Vergennes pp 131–4.

31 A. S. Pishchevich, Zhizn A. S. Pishchevicha p 128. See also Duffy, Russia’s Military Way p 181. M. S. Vorontsov Family Archive, p 282 nos 91 and 93, GAP to Suvorov 11 and 13 September 1783; p 282 no 92, GAP to Khan Shagin Giray 13 September 1783.

32 RGADA 5.85.1.461, CII to GAP. RGADA 5.85.1.504.

33 A. Petrushevsky, Generalissimo Knyazi Suvorov vol 1 p 226.

34 RGADA 11.1/1.43.86–7, L 175, GAP to CII 10 July 1783, Karasubazaar. RGADA 1.1/1.43.67–8, L 176, GAP to CII 16 July 1783, Karasubazaar. RGADA 1.1/1.43.69–71, L 179, GAP to CII 29 July 1783, Karasubazaar. RGADA 1.1/1.43.74–5, L 179, GAP to CII 29 July 1783, Karasubazaar.

35 John Anthony Guldenstaedt, quoted in Coxe Travels vol 2 p 413.

36 RGVIA 52.1/194.20.6.58 (Georgian text p 26), King Hercules/Heracles/Erakle to GAP 21 December 1782. RGVIA 52 1/194/20/6/34, King Hercules to GAP 31 December 1782. RGVIA 52.2.31, GAP to CII 5 August 1783. RGVIA 52.1.28.23, CII to GAP 23 August 1783. RGVIA 52.1.28.25, CII to GAP 30 September 1783. John F. Baddeley, Russian Conquest of the Caucasus pp 20–1. Ronald Grigor Suny, The Making of the Georgian Nation pp 58–9.

37 RGADA 1.1/1.43.64, L 180, GAP to CII.

38 As above in note 24. Also RGVIA 52.2.29.33, GAP to CII 13 October 1783 and RGVIA 52.2.29.56, GAP to CII 22 June 1784.

39 RGADA 5.85.3.175–80, CII rescript to GAP on line of action after the Empress’s decision on annexation of Crimea with Taman and Kuban 8 April 1783.

40 AKV 13: 53–4, Bezborodko to P. V. Bakunin 31 May 1784.

41 RGADA 5.85.1.507, L 181, CII to GAP. On the ‘Armenian Project’, see Bruess pp 196–8.

42 RGADA 5.85.513. SIRIO 27: 279, CII to GAP.

43 RGADA 5.85.1.508. SIRIO 27: 276–80, CII to GAP.

44 RGADA 5.85.4.1.524, CII to GAP.

45 M. S. Vorontsov Family Archive, p 279 no 84, GAP order to Lt-Gen Suvorov 12 August 1783.

46 RA (1905) 2 p 349, Yakov Bulgakov to GAP 1 October 1783, Constantinople. RGADA 5.85.4.1.521, CII to GAP. RGADA 5.85.4.1.521, L 185, CII to GAP 26 September 1783.

47 JII–CII (Arneth) letter XCIV, JII to CII 12 November 1783, Vienna.

48 RGADA 11.924.2. General I. A. Igelstrom to GAP February 1784, Karasubazaar, unpublished.

49 S. N. Glinka, Zapiski pp 10–11.

50 RGADA 5.85.4.1.524, L 186, CII to GAP. RGADA 1.1/1.43.4, L 187, GAP to CII 22 October 1783, Chernigov.

51 AKV 13:45–6, Bezborodko to Simon Vorontsov 7 February 1784. For GAP fighting disease in the south (while also ordering new warships), see ZOOID 11:335, GAP to Colonel Gaks 16 July 1783; p 341, GAP to Gaks 6 October 1783; pp 342–4, GAP to Gaks 14, 22 October 1783 and GAP to M. V. Muromtsev 9 November 1783.

52 Engelhardt 1997 pp 39–41.

53 RA (1905) 2 p 352, GAP to Bulgakov. RA (1866) 11–12 p 1574.

54 AKV 13: 47–8, Bezborodko to Simon Vorontsov 15 March 1784.

CHAPTER 18: EMPEROR OF THE SOUTH

1 Damas pp 89–90. This chapter owes a great debt to E. I. Druzhinina, Severnoye Prichonomorye 1775–1800, especially on population figures and settlement.