Clouds of Glory

440 “a masterpiece of contradiction”: John J. Hennessey, Return to Bull Run: The Campaign and Battle of Second Manassas (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1999), 232.

440 Throughout the late morning: Robertson, Stonewall Jackson, 566.

443 “General Lee was inclined”: Longstreet, From Manassas to Appomattox, 147.

444 Lee’s aide, Colonel Long: Taylor, General Lee: His Campaigns in Virginia, 107.

444 “The question will naturally arise”: Ibid.

444 “even though his martial instinct”: Freeman, Robert E. Lee, Vol. 2, 322.

446 “You must know our circumstances”: Ibid., 347.

446 During all this time: Ibid., 325.

446 As darkness fell: Ibid., 328.

446 Even The West Point Atlas: Esposito, The West Point Atlas of American Wars, text accompanying map 62.

447 If Pope did not attack: Freeman, Robert E. Lee, Vol. 2, 330.

448 Six hundred yards away: Robertson, Stonewall Jackson, 572.

448 “the opposing flags”: Freeman, Robert E. Lee, Vol. 2, 351.

448 Even for Jackson’s battle-hardened veterans: Robertson, Stonewall Jackson, 890.

449 Lee promptly ordered Longstreet: Freeman, Robert E. Lee, Vol. 2, 332.

449 began “to melt away”: Ibid.

449 “Almost immediately”: Longstreet, From Manassas to Appomattox, 152.

449 As Longstreet’s guns were firing: Freeman, Robert E. Lee, Vol. 2, 332.

450 “threw every man in his army”: Ibid.

450 “The artillery would gallop”: Gilbert Moxley Sorrel, Recollections of a Confederate Staff Officer (New York: Neale, 1905), 98, quoted in Freeman, Robert E. Lee, Vol. 2, 334.

450 As Jackson began to advance: Long, Memoirs of Robert E. Lee, 510.

450 Lee himself rode forward: Longstreet, From Manassas to Appomattox, 154.

451 Longstreet pushed his men: Freeman, Robert E. Lee, Vol. 2, 335.

451 “Why, General”: Robert E. Lee, Recollections and Letters of Robert E. Lee, 76–77.

452 Both wings of the Confederate army: Taylor, General Lee: His Campaigns in Virginia, 114.

452 “Though the fighting”: Esposito, The West Point Atlas of American Wars, text accompanying map 63.

452 By this time it was raining: Sears, George B. McClellan, 256.

452 The state of panic: Ibid., 257.

454 He wrote late that night: Robert E. Lee, Lee’s Dispatches: Unpublished Letters of General Robert E. Lee, C.S.A., to Jefferson Davis and the War Department of the Confederate States of America, 1862 (New York: Putnam, 1957), 59–60.

454 Lee carefully gave: Freeman, Robert E. Lee, Vol. 2, 338.

455 At the break of day: Ibid.

455 Longstreet would “remain on the battlefield”: Ibid., 339.

455 Having set Jackson in motion: Taylor, General Lee: His Campaigns in Virginia, 115.

456 Quite apart from the pain: Ibid.

456 Longstreet followed Jackson at 2 p.m.: Freeman, Robert E. Lee, Vol. 2, 340.

456 Longstreet complained: Longstreet, From Manassas to Appomattox, 157.

457 This was not a success: Freeman, Robert E. Lee, Vol. 2, 341.

457 Longstreet, who came up: Longstreet, From Manassas to Appomattox, 158.

457 “as the storm of the battle”: Ibid.

457 One of the Union casualties of the battle: Ibid., 159.

458 However much Lee despised Pope: Freeman, Robert E. Lee, Vol. 2, 342.

458 He had taken over 7,000: Taylor, General Lee: His Campaigns in Virginia, 117.

459 “Unless something can be done”: Ibid.

459 “My men had nothing to eat”: Fuller, Grant and Lee, 304.

459 Victorious they might be: Freeman, Robert E. Lee, Vol. 2, 349.

460 Maryland offered many strategic advantages: Fuller, Grant and Lee, 166.

460 “The present seems to be”: War of the Rebellion, A Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies, Series 1, Vol. XIX, Part II (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1887), 590–1.

460 “not properly equipped”: Ibid., 590.

460 On September 4 he ordered: Fuller, Grant and Lee, 167.

461 President Lincoln and General Halleck were obliged: Sears, George B. McClellan, 263.

461 Even then he managed: Ibid., 268–69.

462 Lee wrote, “but being made”: War of the Rebellion, A Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies, Series 1, Vol. XIX, Part II, 600.

462 “McClellan has the army with him”: Sears, George B. McClellan, 262.

462 When he reviewed: Ibid.

463 “The march of the Confederates”: Le Comte de Paris, History of the Civil War in America (Philadelphia: Porter and Coates, 1886), Vol. 2, 317–18.

463 The state of his army: Freeman, Robert E. Lee, Vol. 2, 359, n22.

463 More seriously still: Ibid., 359.

464 Admittedly, Lee’s line of communications: Ibid.

464 Lee had constantly borne in mind: Ibid., 360–61.

465 cut the East “off from the West”: Ibid.

465 This is the first but not the last time: Ibid., 359.

466 Lee heard Longstreet’s booming voice: Ibid., 361, n46.

466 As one of Lee’s two army commanders: Ibid.

467 Lieutenant-Colonel Fremantle: Lt. Col. Arthur James Lyon Fremantle, Three Months in the Southern States, April–June, 1863 (New York: John Bradburn, 1864), 249.

467 “He is an able general”: Freeman, Robert E. Lee, Vol. 2, 362.

468 It might serve: Ibid., 363.

468 Accidentally dropped in “an abandoned Confederate camp”: Fuller, Grant and Lee, 168.