Command and Control: Nuclear Weapons, the Damascus Accident, and the Illusion of Safety

“Countervailing Strategy Demands Revision of Strategic Force Acquisition Plans,” Comptroller General of the United States, MASAD-81-355, August 5, 1981.

“Custody,” Assistant to the Secretary of Defense (Atomic Energy), Office of the Secretary of Defense, November 10, 1960 (TOP SECRET/RESTRICTED DATA/declassified), NSA.

“Defense Logistics: Improvements Needed to Enhance DOD’s Management Approach and Implementation of Item Unique Identification Technology,” United States Government Accountability Office, Report to the Subcommittee on Readiness, Committee on Armed Services, House of Representatives, May 2012.

“Department of Defense Authorization for Appropriations for Fiscal Year 1986,” Hearings Before the Committee on Armed Services United States Senate, Ninety-ninth Congress, 1st Session, 1985.

“Deterrence & Survival in the Nuclear Age,” Security Resources Panel of the Science Advisory Committee, Washington, D.C., November 7, 1957 (TOP SECRET/declassified), NSA.

“The Development of the SM-68 Titan,” Warren E. Greene, Historical Office, Deputy Commander for Aerospace Systems, Air Force Systems Command, August 1962 (SECRET/FORMERLY RESTRICTED DATA/declassified), NSA.

“The Development of the SM-80 Minuteman,” Robert F. Piper, DCAS Historical Office, Deputy Commander for Aerospace Systems, Air Force Systems Command, April 1962 (SECRET/RESTRICTED DATA/declassified), NSA.

“The Development of Strategic Air Command, 1946–1976,” J. C. Hopkins, Office of the Historian, Strategic Air Command, March 21, 1976.

“Did High-Altitude EMP Cause the Hawaiian Streetlight Incident?” Charles Vittitoe, Electromagnetic Applications Division, Sandia National Laboratories, System Design and Assessment Notes, Note 31, June 1989.

“Effect of Civilian Morale on Military Capabilities in a Nuclear War Environment: Enclosure ‘E,’ The Relationship to Public Morale of Information About the Effects of Nuclear Warfare,” WSEG Report No. 42, Weapons Systems Evaluation Group, Joint Chiefs of Staff, October 20, 1959 (CONFIDENTIAL/declassified).

“The Effects of Atomic Bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki,” United States Strategic Bombing Survey, June 30, 1946 (SECRET/declassified).

“The Effects of Nuclear War,” Office of Technology Assessment, Congress of the United States, May 1979.

“Electric Initiators: A Review of the State of the Art,” Gunther Cohn, Franklin Institute, Prepared for the Picatinny Arsenal, November 1961, AD266014 (CONFIDENTIAL/declassified).

“Enclosure ‘I’ Changes in the Free World,” Weapons Systems Evaluation Group Report No. 50, November 18, 1960 (TOP SECRET/RESTRICTED DATA/declassified).

“The Evaluation of the Atomic Bomb as a Military Weapons,” Enclosure “A,” the Final Report of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Evaluation Board for Operation Crossroads, June 30, 1947 (TOP SECRET/declassified).

“Evaluation of Programmed Strategic Offensive Weapons Systems,” Weapons Systems Evaluation Group Report No. 50, Washington, D.C., December 27, 1960 (TOP SECRET/RESTRICTED DATA/declassified), NSA.

“The Evolution of U.S. Strategic Command and Control and Warning 1945–1972,” L. Wainstein, Project Leader, C. D. Cremeans, J. K. Moriarity, and J. Ponturo, Study S-467, International and Social Studies Division, Institute for Defense Analyses, June 1975 (TOP SECRET/RESTRICTED DATA/declassified).

“Exploiting and Securing the Open Border in Berlin: The Western Secret Services, the Stasi, and the Second Berlin Crisis, 1958–1961,” Paul Maddrell, Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, Cold War International History Project, Working Paper No. 58, February 2009.

“Factors Affecting the Vulnerability of Atomic Weapons to Fire,” Full-Scale Test Report No. 2, Armour Research Foundation of Illinois Institute of Technology, Armed Forces Special Weapons Project Report No. 1066, February 1958 (SECRET/RESTRICTED DATA/declassified).

“The Feasibility of Population Targeting,” R. H. Craver, M. K. Drake, J. T. McGahan, E. Swick, and J. F. Schneider, Science Applications, Inc., Prepared for the Defense Nuclear Agency, June 30, 1979 (SECRET/RESTRICTED DATA/declassified).

“Final Evaluation Report, MK IV MOD O FM BOMB,” Mk IV Evaluation Committee, Sandia Laboratory, Report No. SL-82, September 13, 1949 (SECRET/RESTRICTED DATA/declassified).

“Final Titan II Operational Data Summary,” Rev 3, TRW Space Technology Laboratories, September 1964.

“From Counterforce to Minimal Deterrence: A New Nuclear Policy on the Path Toward Eliminating Nuclear Weapons,” Hans M. Kristensen, Robert S. Norris, Ivan Oelrich, Federation of American Scientists & The Natural Resources Defense Council, Occasional Paper No. 7, April 2009.

“Hearing to Receive Testimony on U.S. Strategic Command and U.S. Cyber Command in Review of the Defense Authorization Request for Fiscal Year 2014 and the Future Years Defense Program,” Committee on Armed Services, United States Senate, 113th Congress, March 12, 2013.