Древнегерманские двучленные имена

3) The morphology of the onomastic compounds. There are 4 models of these compounds: coordinative with equal components, determinative with the government and dependence of one component from the other, possessive ones and those with the first component (mainly a preposition) governing the second one. The main distinction of the Old Germanic proper names from the appellatives consists in the representation of several models which are absent among the appellatives (e. g. ‘the ordinal & adjective’ - *Fruma-rIkaz ‘the first, the mighty one’), and in the disproportion between them (e. g. the scarcity of the bahuvrihi among the appellatives and its great frequency among the proper names, the productivity of the coordinative onomastic compounds).

4) The following peculiarities are characteristic of the semantics of the proper names: 1) the appearence of the additional semantic relations between the components of the name (e. g. *Austra-gautaz, literally ‘an East-Gaut’, i. e. ‘a Gaut of / from / in the East’); 2) the functioning of the secondary names in which the logical relations between the components of the compound are violated from the view-point of the rules of the onomastic tradition, especially owing to the necessity to combine in the name of a child one component from the father’s and another from the mother’s name (they do not always fit together) 3) the existence of the most favourable spheres, e. g. the military one; 4) the idealization, the prevalence of the positive attributes in comparison with the neutral or negative «ones; 5) the influence of the heroic model of the universe on Uhe constitution of the onomastic system (e. g. the five designations of the war - *badu>o-, *gunpjo*hadu-, *heldjo-, *welgaz and a great number of synonyms (e. g. ‘a spear’ - *gaiza-, *uzda-, ‘a sword’ - *heru-, *branda-)); 6) the penetration of the mythological motives into the semantics of the onomastic compounds (e. g. *Ansu-geislaz refers to a myth about the war between the two classes of Scandinavian gods - the Ases and the Vanes and to an exchange of the hostages); 7) the static, “substantive” character of the Old Germanic onomastic system, manifested in the scarcity of the verbs, symbolizing the dynamic aspect).

5) One can see the most relevant difference between the Old Germanic proper names and the appellatives in their poetic nature, in the representation of certain metric schemes and in the usage of names as variations of the poetic derivation. Poetic organization of their components is typical of the proper names as microtexts (e. g. the names containing comparisons, kennings and synonyms - *Gimpjo-widuz ‘the tree of the war’ > ‘the warrior’). The principles of the poetic organization in the onomastic space differ from those of the appellatives (e. g. the domination of rhyme in the onomastic compounds and of alliteration in the appellatives).

6) The Indo-European parallels to the Old Germanic onomastic compounds (i. e. when the two components of the name are going back to the same I.-E. root and are arranged in the same order in the name) testifies to a different degree of congruence among the onomastic systems. The Celtic material reveals the maximum izomorphism. One can see the purpose of such a similarity in the earlier contacts of the tribes settled in the adjacent areas and in the common cultural sources, basis of their civilization.

One can postulate as a main result of this investigation the interpretation of the onomastic compounds as one of the most relevant indices belonging simultaneously to language and culture, and giving valuable information about the interrelations of these spheres.

Содержание