Enlightenment Now: The Case for Reason, Science, Humanism, and Progress

state-based cyber-sabotage as, 304

terrorism as largely a phenomenon of, 193

See also civil wars; Cold War; genocide; Long Peace; nuclear war; peace; weapons; specific wars

washing machine, 251–2, 252

Washington, George, 13

water

chlorination of, 63, 64

desalination of, 129, 149

flooding and contamination of, 188

nanofiltration of, 331

running water in home, 251, 252

sewage, protection from, 63

See also waterways

Watergate, 50

waterways

environmental protection of, 140

improvements in cleanliness of, 130

removal of dams from, 149

See also oceans

Watson, James, 386

Watson, Paul, 122

Way, Lucan, 206

wealth, 79–96

as created, 25, 79, 80

history as written by the affluent, 79

“lump fallacy”/“physical fallacy,” 80, 99

and specialization, 12–13

Trump and, 334–5

See also developed countries/world; Gross World Product; poverty

weapons

banning of, 316, 479n95

bioweapons, 410

chemical weapons, 459n18, 479n95

voluntary nondevelopment of, 314, 316

voluntary scrapping of, 315–16, 317–19

See also nuclear weapons; war

Webb, Sidney and Beatrice, 400, 447

Weber, Max, 85

Weingast, Barry, 83

Weisskopf, Victor, 308

Weizenbaum, Joseph, 309

Well-Being Composite, 245–6, 246, 473n45

well-being, subjective, 262–89

distinguished from objective well-being, freedom, happiness, meaningfulness, 264–8

eudaemonia (“good spirit”), 267

freedom/autonomy and, 265–6

secularization and, 438–9, 490n87

self-evaluations of, 266–7

social spending and, 108, 110, 365, 483nn39,42

See also happiness; meaningful life; quality of life; social support vs. isolation; suicide

Wells, H. G., 400, 447

Welzel, Christian, 124, 224, 226–7, 228, 440

West, Cornel, 39–40

Western Europe

and democracies, rise of, 200–201

economic freedom compatible with taxation, social spending, and regulation, 365, 483nn39,42

education in, 236–7, 237

emancipative values in, 225–7, 226, 227

homicide rates in, 192–3, 192, 469n4

and Long Peace, 158

per capita income of, 86

secularization and, 436, 489n68

suicide rates in, 278–80, 279

terrorist deaths in, 192–3, 192, 194

vacation time in, 251

vehicle accident deaths in, 192–3, 192, 469n4

work hours in, 249–50, 249

Whitehead, Alfred North, 1

White, Matthew, 199, 429, 484n77

whites, anti-white hate crimes, 219, 220

white supremacy, Trump administration and, 336

Wieseltier, Leon, 390, 391, 408–9

Wilde, Oscar, 82

wilderness preserves. See conservation areas

Wilkinson, Richard, 100, 101

Williams, Bernard, 482n4

Wills, Garry, 456n1

will to power, 33, 296, 336, 444, 445

Wilson, E. O., 390

Wilson, Ward, 316

Wilson, Woodrow, 400

Winfrey, Oprah, 386, 434

Winship, Christopher, 174, 175–6

wisdom, as balancing conflicting desires, 414

Wodehouse, P. G., 446

Wolfers, Justin, 269, 270

Wolf, Martin, 459n16

Wolman, Abel, 64

women

anxiety and, 285

education of girls and, 235, 239–40, 239, 473n27

happiness and, 272

household labor, liberation from, 251–2, 252

industrialization and labor of, 93–4

and social media, 276–7

See also sex differences; sexism

—RIGHTS OF

as emancipative values, 224

genital mutilation, 222

progress in, 214, 220, 222

utilitarianism and, 417–18

—VIOLENCE AGAINST

as decreasing, 220–22, 221, 471n24

media coverage of, 215, 216

wood, carbon-to-hydrogen ratio of, 143, 465n66

Wootton, David, 9, 395–6

workplace

hours required, 249–50, 249

paid vacation time, 251

retirement, 250–51, 250

safety and accidental deaths, 185–7, 187

utilitarianism and workers’ rights, 417

World Bank

on climate change, 137

on economic inequality, 461n4

“extreme poverty” as defined by, 87, 460n28

and fear of population explosion, 74

on GDP, 461n4

Knowledge Index, 228, 472n45

world/global statistics

calories available per person, 70, 70

carbon emissions per dollar of GDP, 143, 143

child labor force, 231–2, 231

deaths from accidents vs. violence, 192

deaths from homicide, 43, 169–71, 171, 192, 467nn12–13

deaths from terrorism, 192, 193–5, 194

deaths from war, 192

education, 236–8, 237–8

GDP, 85

homosexuality, decriminalization of, 223

human rights, 207–8, 208

IQ gains, 241

life expectancy, 53–4, 54

literacy, 236, 236

middle class, increases in, 86, 459–60n18

per capita incomes, 85–7, 86

progress, general factor (Human Development Index), 245–6, 246, 473n45, 483n42

racial equality, affirmation of, 222

religious equality, affirmation of, 222

women’s rights, 222

World Happiness Report 2016, 268, 269, 271

World Health Organization, 65, 66, 171–3

World Public Opinion poll, 222

World Values Survey, 124, 224, 226–7, 268, 269, 270, 440

World War I

chemical weapons and, 459n18, 479n95

The Great Illusion (Angell), 481n16

Gustav Gun (“supergun”), 316

mistakes and rumors as cause of, 484n77

religiosity of nation-states in, 430

romantic militarism and, 165–6, 445

World War II

civilian bombing as strategy of, 305

deaths during, 159–60

decline of great-power war after, 157–8, 451

famine and, 78

fascism and, 445

genocide and, 161

nuclear weapons development in, 314

refugees and displaced persons in, 160

religiosity of nation-states in, 429–30