«Галльская империя» от Постума до Тетриков

NC — The Numismatic Chronicle. The Royal Numismatic society. Cambridge Univ. Press. London.

Ncirc. — Numismatic Circular. Spink and son. London.

NNb — Numismatisches Nachrichtenblabt. Organ Verbandes der Deutschen Wunzvereine e.v. Speyor. Germany.

PaulyWissowa — Paulys. Real — Encyclopadie der classischen Altertumswissenschaft / Beg. G. Wissowa, Herausgegeben W. von Kroll. Stuttgart, 1935.

PCA — Proceedings of the Classical Association. MurrayLondon.

The Picus — The Picus. Classical and Medieval Numismatic Society. Ontario, Canada.

RBN — Revue beige de numismatique publiee sous les auspices de la Societe royale de numismatique. Bruxelles.

RevNord — Revue du Nord

RH — Revue Historique. ParisPress Univers.

RIB — Collingwood R. G., Wright R. P. The Roman Inscriptions of Britain: Vol. 1–3. Oxford, 1965.

Riese — Riese A. Das Rheinische Germanien in den antiken Inschriften. Berlin, 1914.

RIN — Rivista Italiana di Numismatica e Scienze Affini. Societa Numismatica Italiana in Milano. Milan.

RN — Revue numismatique. Paris.

REA — Revue des etudes anciennes.

SAN — Journal of Society for Ancient Numismatics. Santa Monica, California. U.S.A.

SFMA — Studien zu Fundmunzen der Antike. Franfurt a. M.

SM — Schweizer Miinzblatter) Gazette Numismatique Suisse. Schweizerische Numismatic Gesellscheft. Bern, Switzerland.

TMon — Tresors monetaires. Paris: Bibliotheque nationale.

Vestigia — Beitrage zur alien Geschichte. Munchen.

Vives — Vives J. Inscriptiones latinas de la Espana romana: Bd. 1–2. Barcelona, 1971–1972.

WuIIIeumier — WuIIIeumier P. Inscriptions latines des Trois Gaules. CNRS. Paris, 1963.

ZfN — Zeitschrift fur numisnatik.

Summery

Creation of the «Gallic Empire» one of debatable; but almost moments of history of the ancient Rome not shined in a domestic historiography. To the middle of III century AD the Roman Empire endured crisis. This crisis is defined in a historiography as the general or system though scientific disputes on its essence don t cease tIII now. The system Principatus more couldn't exist in new realities of that time. The dissatisfaction of different social classes with a policy spent by the Roman emperors and its administration led to fast change of emperors; and; as consequence; to instability of the central power. Political crisis was the deepest and was reflected in all control system of the Roman Empire; mentioning economic; social and spiritual life of empire. Separatism display in the provinces; which steels to proclaim own emperors; became result of this crisis. In these conditions the new governor who wIII answer expectations of various social classes was required and can overcome crisis consequences. The militarized layer of the population has decided to solve independently this problem; proclaiming emperors at own choice. The epoch of soldier's emperors was that period during which period the system Principatus has definitively been destroyed and bases of absolutely other control system — Dominatus were put.

The «Gallic Empire» — the name conditional enough. For fifteen years of the existence geographical borders of this state changed and sometimes it is impossible to establish precisely the fact of an accessory of this or that area; or its relation to Gallic emperors. The term the «Gallic Empire» began to be used in the French and German historiography from the end of XIX century. However there was it not casually. For a basis were the words of Eutropius taken out of context; — «Galliarum… imperium» = «Imperium Galliarum». The sources written by witnesses of events; in our disposal practically are absent. Remained are fragmentary and isolated; the information given by them; it is sometimes insignificant it is small. As important addition serves epigraphic and numismatic; especially finds of last years.

In a historiography there are two points of view on character of the «Gallic Empire». The first group of researchers — A.Alfoldi; M.BouvierAjani; I. Konig, E. M.Shtaerman; believes that in 260–270^th there was an independent state formation led by the sovereign emperor. The second group is assured that Gallic emperors didn't consider themselves as sovereign governors; and saw itself a part of the Roman Empire (R.MacMallen; T.Kotuk; R Bastien). Last point of view amplifies the theory that the Gallic emperors considered themselves as sovereign Roman lords (J. Drinkwater; I.P. Sergeev).