Гендерное общество

Kemper T. Testosterone and Social Structure. New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press, 1990; Kling A. Testosterone and Aggressive Behavior in Man and Non-human Primates // Hormonal Correlates of Behavior / Ed. B.Eleftheriou, R.Sprott. New York: Plenum, 1975.

14 Гсндсрноо общество

417

49 Money J., Ehrhardt A. Man and Woman, Boy and Girl. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1972.

50 Ehrhardt A., Baker S.W. Fetal Androgens, Human Central Nervous System Differentiation, and Behavior Sex Differences // Sex Differences in Behavior / Ed. R.Friedman, R.M.Richart, R.L.Van de Wiele. Huntington, N.Y.: Krieger, 1978. P. 49.

51 Fausto-Sterling A. Myths of Gender. P. 136-137.

52 Yalom I., Green R., Fisk N. Prenatal Exposure to Female Hormones — Effect on Psychosexual Development in Boys // Archives of General Psychiatry.

1973. Vol. 28.

53 Steinem G. If Men Could Menstruate // Outrageous Acts and Everyday Rebellions. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1983.

54 Durden-Smith J., deSimone D. Sex and the Brain. P. 92.

55 Dorner G., Schenk В., Schmiedel В., Ahrens L. Stressful Events in Prenatal Life of Bisexual and Homosexual Men // Explorations in Clinical Endocrinology. 1983. Vol. 81. P. 87. См. также: Dorner G. et al. Prenatal Stress As a Possible Paetiogenic Factor of Homosexuality in Human Males // Endokrinologie. 1983. Vol. 75; Dorner G., Gotz F., Ohkawa Т., Rohde W, Stahl F, Tonjes R. Prenatal Stress and Sexual Brain Differentiation in Animal and Human Beings // Abstracts. International Academy of Sex Research. Thirteenth Annual Meeting, Tutzing, June 21—25, 1987.

Противоположная позиция представлена в разумной статье: Schmidt G., Clement U. Does Peace Prevent Homosexuality? // Journal of Homosexuality. 1995. Vol. 28. № 1-2.

См.: Dreger A.D. Hermaphrodites and the Medical Invention of Sex. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1998; Hekma G. «A Female Soul ina Male Body»: Sexuai Inversion as Gender Inversion in Nineteenth Century Sexology

// Third Sex, Third Gender / Ed. G.Herdt. Cambridge: M.I.T. Press, 1993.

со

См.: Imperato-McGinley J. et al. Steroid 5-alpha Reductase Deficiency in Man: An Inherited Form of Pseudohermaphroditism // Science.

1974. Vol. 186; Imperato-McGinley J. et al. Androgens and the Evolution of Male-Gender Identity among Male Pseudohermaphrodites with 5-alpha Reductase Deficiency // New England Journal of Medicine. 1979. Vol. 300. P.

1235. Отличное краткое изложение см.: Herdt G. Mistaken Sex: Culture, Biology and the Third Sex in New Guinea // Third Sex, Third Gender / Ed. G.Herdt.

59 Herdt G. Mistaken Sex.

60 Цит. по: Tavris C., Wade C. The Longest War. P. 208-209.

61 Dobson J.C. Straight Talk to Men and Their Wives. P. 184.

62 Goldberg S. The Inevitability of Patriarchy. P. 233—234; см. также: Fausto-Sterling A. Myths of Gender. P. 124.

63 Lewontin R. et al. Not in Our Genes. P. 147.

64 Gender and the Life Course / Ed. A.Rossi. Chicago: Aldine, 1982.

418

65 Rist D.Y Are Homosexuals Born That Way? // The Nation. 1992. October 19. P. 427; Born or Bred? //

Newsweek. 1992. February 24.

D'Emilio J. Making Trouble: Essays on Gay History. New York: Routledge, 1992. P. 187.

67 См., напр.: Levine M.P. Gay Macho: The Life and Death of the Homosexual Clone. New York: New York University Press, 1997; см. также: Gagnon J., Simon W. Sexual Conduct. Chicago: Aldine, 1973.

68 Whisman V. Queer by Choice. New York: Routledge, 1992.

Bunch C. Lesbians in Revolt // Feminist Frameworks / Ed. AJaggar, P.Rothenberg. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1984.

P. 144.

70 LeVay S. The Sexual Brain. Cambridge: M.I.T. Press, 1994. P. 6.

71 Hubbard R. The Political Nature of Human Nature // Theoretical Perspectives on Sexual Difference / Ed.

D.Rhode. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1990. P. 69.

72 Padgug R.A. On Conceptualizing Sexuality in History // Radical History Review. 1979. Vol. 20. P. 9.

Hofstadter R. Social Darwinism in American Thought. New York: Random House, 1944. P. 204.

Begley A. Why Men and Women Think Differently // Newsweek. 1995. May.

Глава 3

См., напр.: Sacks К. Engels Revisited: Women, Organization of Production, and Private Property // Women, Culture and Society / Ed. M.Rosaldo, L.Lamphere. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1974; Idem. Sisters and Wives: The Past and Future of Sexual Equality. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood, 1979.

Т

Mead M. Sex and Temperament in Three Primitive Societies. New York: William Morrow, 1935. Такие критики, как

Дерек -Зримей, считают, что Мид, как и биологи, которых она критиковала, на^ла то, что искала, особенно на

островах Самоа, где, скорее всего, она просто придумала некоторые детали. Но вызовы, брошенные основным

взглядам Мид по вопросам культурных вариаций в тендерных ролях, выраженным в ее работе, посвященной

архипелагу Новая Гвинея, сами являются необоснованными и неубедительными.

Mead M. Sex and Temperament in Three Primitive Societies. P. 29, 35, 57-58,84, 101, 128.