Historical Dictionary of the Russian Civil Wars, 1916-1926

SOKOLOV, KONSTANTIN NIKOLAEVICH (1882/1883–1927). The journalist, lawyer, and White politician K. N. Sokolov was a graduate of (and subsequently taught at) the Law Faculty of St. Petersburg University and was a member of the Central Committee of the Kadets (having joined the party in 1905), representing the party’s right wing. Pior to the First World War, he edited several Kadet publications, incluing the party’s chief newspaper, Rech′ (“Discourse”).

Following the October Revolution, Sokolov was one of the founding members of the anti-Bolshevik National Center; in 1918, he made his way to Rostov-on-Don, where he edited the newspaper Svobodnaia rech′ (“Free Speech”). In January 1919, he joined General A. I. Denikin’s Special Council, as director of its legal department, and from March 1919 was head of Osvag. In June 1919, he was seconded to a Special Council delegation to the Paris Peace Conference, where he concentrated on efforts to smooth relations between the Volunteer Army and the various Cossack delegations in the French capital. In March 1920, he spoke out in favor of General P. N. Wrangel as the proposed successor to Denikin.

Sokolov subsequently remained in emigration, dwelling chiefly in Bulgaria, where he became a professor of law at Sofia University and published an influential memoir, Pravlenie generala Denikina (“The Rule of General Denikin,” 1921). He died in Sofia in 1927.

SOLLOGUB, NIKOLAI VLADIMIROVICH (4 May 1883–7 August 1937). Lieutenant (6 December 1915), colonel (1917), komdiv (26 November 1935). The Soviet military specialist N. V. Sollogub was born into a noble family in Minsk guberniia and was a graduate of the Pavlovsk Military School (1902) and the Academy of the General Staff (1910). He entered military service on 31 August 1900, and before the First World War served in several Guards regiments. During the war, he occupied several staff posts with the 1st Army; from 4 January 1917, he was on the staff of the quartermaster general of the Special Army, then moved to a similar post with the 11th Army (August–September 1917), and then was placed on the staff of the Western Front (from September 1917).

Sollogub volunteered for service in the Red Army in early 1918, and during the civil wars he was the first chief of staff of the Eastern Front (26 June–10 July 1918). He was then, jointly, a member of the Special Military Records Section of the Supreme Military Inspectorate of the Red Army and a lecturer at the Red Military Academy (August 1918–May 1919). After that, he was attached to the chief of staff of the Western Front; from 14 August 1919 to 21 September 1920 (during the Soviet–Polish War), he commanded the 16th Red Army, and from 1 October to 6 December 1920, was chief of staff of the Western Front. He was then made chief of staff of the forces of Ukraine and Crimea (6 December 1920–1922). From 1922 to 1923, he was assistant head of the Red Military Academy. Sollogub remained in teaching work for the rest of his career. He was imprisoned and executed in 1937, during the purges.

Solov′ev, ivan nikolaevich (1890–24 May 1924).Uriadnik (1919), esaul (1922). I. N. Solov′ev, the leader of one of the most enduring anti-Soviet peasant uprisings of the civil-war period, was born into a poor Cossack family in Minusinsk uezd, Eniseisk guberniia, and attended the village school. He entered military service in 1911 and saw action in the First World War, before returning to Siberia in 1918, where he was subsequently mobilized into the Russian Army of Admiral A. V. Kolchak. As a junior commander, he led a regiment of the Eniseisk Cossacks in campaigns against the Red partisan bands of A. D. Kravchenko and P. E. Shchetinkin in eastern Siberia in 1919, then spent several months recovering from wounds in hospital at Krasnoiarsk.