The second Southern Front (sometimes termed the “Southern Front against Wrangel”), with its staff based at Khar′kov, was created by an order of the Revvoensovet of the Republic on 21 September 1920, with the purpose of combating the forces of General P. N. Wrangel
’s Russian Army, which had burst out of Crimea into the northern Tauride. Its complement included the 4th (18 October–10 December 1920), 6th (21 September–10 December 1920), and 13th (21 September–12 November 1920) Red Armies; the 1st (21 October–10 December 1920) and 2nd (21 September–6 December 1920) Cavalry Armies; and other smaller units. The Revolutionary-Insurgent Army of Ukraine of Nestor Makhno also played a major role in the operations of the second Southern Front. Forces of the Southern Front engaged in a bloody struggle against the Whites in northern Tauride; rebuffed Wrangel’s attempts to create a bridgehead on the right bank of the Dnepr; breached the Whites’ defense of the Perekop isthmus; and in November 1920, captured Crimea and drove Wrangel’s army into emigration. On 10 December 1920, the Southern Front was disbanded and its forces placed under the command of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic. The commander of the second Southern Front was M. V. Frunze. Its chiefs of staff were P. P. Karatygin (acting, 21–27 September 1920) and Jānis Pauka (27 September–10 December 1920).SOUTHERN RUSSIAN (SPECIAL SOUTHERN) ARMY.
This anti-Bolshevik formation was created on 3 October 1918, on the order of Ataman P. N. Krasnov (and with the assistance of the monarchist society “Our Homeland”), as part of the All-Great Don Cossack Host. Commanded by General N. I. Ivanov (2 October 1918–27 January 1919) until he died of typhus at Novocherkassk, and subsequently commanded by D. G. Shcherbachev, it consisted of the Voronezh Corps (2,000 men under Major General Shil′dbakh-Litovets), the Astrakhan Corps (3,000 men under Ataman Prince Tundutov), and the Saratov Corps and His Majesty’s Life Guard Squadron (commanded by S. Mikh). Only the Saratov Corps of the Southern Russian Army saw action against Bolshevik forces on the lower Volga before, in March 1919, its units were redistributed between the Volunteer Army and the Don Army of the Armed Forces of South Russia, thereby ending the army’s existence.SOUTH RUSSIAN GOVERNMENT.
SOUTH-WEST CAUCASIAN DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC.
This short-lived polity was centered at Kars (and is known to Turks as the Kars Republic) and claimed sovereignty over the predominantly Muslim-inhabited regions of Kars, Batumi, and Yerevan and the Akhaltsikhe and Akhalkalaki districts of Tiflis