Historical Dictionary of the Russian Civil Wars, 1916-1926

From October 1918 to January 1919, the 10th Red Army was chiefly engaged in defensive operations before Tsaritsyn, which was under siege by the Tsaritsyn Group of the Don Army, commanded by General K. K. Mamontov. It subsequently (in mid-February 1919) joined the 9th Red Army in a counteroffensive that pushed the front south to the Manych River. However, it was later forced back to Tsaritsyn, under pressure from the Caucasian Army of General P. N. Wrangel, and had to abandon the city to the Whites in late June 1919. The 10th Red Army was then attached to the Special Group of forces of V. I. Shorin, which undertook a counteroffensive in July–August 1919 toward the Don. Further offensives followed the collapse of the Armed Forces of South Russia’s efforts in late 1919, although Tsaritsyn was only recaptured by the 10th Red Army on 3 January 1920. Subsequently, over the spring and summer of 1920, acting in coordination with the 9th Red Army and the 11th Red Army, the 10th Red Army (from 4 May 1920 redubbed the 10th Terek Army) helped to clear the Whites from the North Caucasus. The army was disestablished in July 1920.

Commanders of the 10th Red Army were K. E. Voroshilov (3 October–18 December 1918); N. A. Khudiakov (18–26 December 1918); A. I. Egorov (26 December 1918–25 May 1919); L. L. Kliuev (26 May–28 December 1919); A. V. Pavlov (28 December 1919–20 June 1920); and V. P. Glagolev (20 June–8 July 1920). Its chiefs of staff were Sokolov (16 October –15 November 1918); S. K. Matsiletskii (15 November–17 December 1918); N. Ia. Kazanov (17–26 December 1918); L. L. Kliuev (26 December 1918–26 May 1919); B. N. Kondrat′ev (26 May–28 August 1919); V. N. Chernyshev (28 August 1919–15 June 1920); and E. F. Appoga (15 June–8 July 1920).

10th Terek-Daghestan Red Army. This Red military force was created on 7 March 1921, by the order of the Revvoensovet of the Caucasian Front, from units of the Terek-Daghestan Group of Forces. It included the 14th, 32nd, and 33rd Rifle Divisions and the 16th Cavalry Division (all 7 March–29 May 1921). The 10th Terek-Daghestan Red Army was disbanded on 29 May 1921, and its forces were subsequently distributed among those of the North Caucasus Military District.

Commanders of the 10th Terek-Daghestan Red Army were M. K. Levandovskii (7 March–18 April 1921); I. F. Sharkov (acting, 18–26 April 1921); V. N. Chernyshev (26 April–11 May 1921); and G. A. Armaderov (11–29 May 1921). Its chiefs of staff were V. M. Voronkov (13–21 March 1921); G. A. Armederov (21 March–11 May 1921); and D. I. Taiskii (acting, 11–29 May 1921).

TER-ARUTIUNIANTS, MKRTICH KARAPETOVICH (MIKHAIL KARPOVICH) (3 February 1894–25 August 1961). Ensign (1917). The Soviet military commander M. K. Ter-Arutiuniants was born into the family of an Armenian tailor at Elizavetpol′ (Ganja). He graduated from a military school in Petrograd in 1917 and joined the Bolsheviks in March of that year, working with the Military Organization of the RSDLP(b) in the capital. During the October Revolution, he acted as commissar of the Military-Revolutionary Committee of the Petrograd Soviet with the Kronversk Arsenal of the Peter and Paul Fortress and then led forces around Pulkovo during the suppression of the Kerensky–Krasnov uprising.

Ter-Arutiuniants was subsequently (from 10 December 1917) head of the Revolutionary Field Staff at the stavka of N. V. Krylenko and played a leading role in the suppression of the Dowbor-Muśnicki uprising. In May–June 1918, he acted as the People’s Commissariat for Military Affairs’ special commissar for the defense of the Don region, and in July–August of that year, headed the supply office for forces of the North Caucasus Military District. From September 1918 to September 1922, he attended the Red Military Academy, with breaks to assume command posts (e.g., as chief of staff of the Tula Fortified Region in October 1919, during the onslaught of the Armed Forces of South Russia). From 1924 to 1931, Ter-Arutiuniants worked in the apparatus of Rabkrin, before moving into teaching posts. He retired in 1951.