History of England 1-6

National Liberal party, ref1, ref2, ref3

National Lottery, ref1

National Minimum Wage Act (1998), ref1

National Peace Council, ref1

National Review, ref1, ref2

national service, ref1

National Socialist German Workers’ Party (Nazis), ref1

National Unemployed Workers’ Movement (NUWM), ref1, ref2

National Union of Mineworkers (NUM), ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4

National Union of Women’s Suffrage Societies, ref1

National Viewers’ and Listeners’ Association, ref1

nationalization: Labour policy for railways, ref1; Conservative policies, ref1; Labour proposals, ref1; demand for, ref1; ‘Socialisation of Industries’ committee, ref1; Crosland’s arguments, ref1; near-completion of, ref1; Labour party’s Clause IV, ref1

NATO, ref1

navy: arms race, ref1; dreadnought battleships, ref1; strike (1931), ref1; treaty (1922), ref1; Narvik defeat (1940), ref1

Nevill, Lady Dorothy, ref1

New Party, ref1

New Statesman, ref1

News of the World, ref1

newspapers: right-wing, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5; motorist debate, ref1; readership, ref1, ref2; praise for Hitler, ref1; response to Munich Agreement, ref1; BMA press campaign, ref1; Profumo case, ref1

Nicholas II, Tsar, ref1

Nicholson, Emma, ref1

Nicolson, Harold, ref1, ref2

Nivelle, Robert, ref1

Nixon, Richard, ref1

Nonconformists: political representation, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4; MPs, ref1, ref2; education issue, ref1; Asquith’s background, ref1, ref2; Lloyd George, ref1, ref2, ref3; Law, ref1

Normandy, Allied landings (1944), ref1, ref2

North Sea oil, ref1

Northcliffe, Lord: pro-motorist campaign, ref1; supports Lloyd George, ref1, ref2, ref3; influence, ref1

Northern Ireland: established, ref1; Special Powers Act, ref1; unrest, ref1; internment policy, ref1, ref2; the Troubles, ref1, ref2, ref3; army sent in, ref1; civil-rights marches banned, ref1; Bloody Sunday (1972), ref1; Direct Rule, ref1; Loyalist paramilitaries, ref1; RUC, ref1; IRA ceasefire (1994), ref1, ref2; peace talks between Loyalists and Sinn Féin, ref1; joint framework document, ref1; withdrawal of troops, ref1; paramilitary activity, ref1; Good Friday Agreement (1998), ref1

Norway, ref1, ref2

nuclear power, ref1, ref2

nuclear weapons: Hiroshima and Nagasaki, ref1; hydrogen bomb test, ref1; Polaris, ref1; unilateralism, ref1; Greenham Common protest camp, ref1; SDI (‘Star Wars’), ref1; US–USSR treaty, ref1; SDI (‘Star Wars’), ref1

O’Connell, Daniel, ref1

O’Hadhmaill, Feilim, ref1

oil: sanctions on Italy, ref1, ref2; British reserves, ref1, ref2; supply route, ref1, ref2; prices, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5; crisis, ref1; North Sea, ref1; Russian, ref1, ref2; Kuwait, ref1

Old Age Pensions Act (1908), ref1

Olivier, Laurence, ref1, ref2

Open University, ref1, ref2

Operation Desert Storm, ref1

Operation Dynamo, ref1

Operation Eagle Eye, ref1

Operation Irma, ref1

Operation Pied Piper, ref1

Operation Torch, ref1

Oppenheimer, J. Robert, ref1

Orgreave, Battle of (1984), ref1

Orton, Joe, ref1; Entertaining Mr Sloane, ref1; Loot, ref1; What the Butler Saw, ref1

Orwell, George: on WWI, ref1; on class, ref1; on property-owning democracy, ref1; Keep the Aspidistra Flying, ref1; The Road to Wigan Pier, ref1, ref2; style, ref1; on Left Book Club, ref1; Homage to Catalonia, ref1; on post-war mood, ref1; Foot comparison, ref1; quoted by Major, ref1

Osborne, John, ref1, ref2

Ottoman Empire, ref1, ref2, ref3

Owen, David, ref1

Oxford Union: pacifist motion (1933), ref1

pacifism: MacDonald’s, ref1, ref2; public attitudes, ref1, ref2, ref3; decline among socialists, ref1

Paisley, Ian, ref1, ref2, ref3

Pakistan: independence, ref1; war with India, ref1

Pankhurst, Emmeline, ref1, ref2

paper salvage, ref1

Parliament see Commons; Lords

Parliament Act (1911), ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4

Passchendaele (third Battle of Ypres, 1917), ref1

patriotism, ref1

Pavelić, Ante, ref1

pawn shops, ref1, ref2

Peace Day celebrations (1919), ref1

Pearl Harbor (1941), ref1

Pearse, Patrick, ref1

Pentecostal movement, ref1

‘People’s Budget’ (1909), ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4

Percy, Lord Eustace, ref1

Perón, Juan, ref1

Peyton, John, ref1

Philip, Prince (duke of Edinburgh), ref1, ref2

Philips, Morgan, ref1

Phillips, Mark, ref1

Pierrepoint, Albert, ref1

Pinochet, Augusto, ref1

Pinter, Harold: The Caretaker, ref1; The Homecoming, ref1; view of Thatcher, ref1

Poland: authoritarian rule, ref1; German population, ref1; pledges by Britain and France, ref1; Danzig position, ref1; German invasion (1939), ref1, ref2; Hitler’s Polish policies, ref1; death camps, ref1; leaves eastern bloc, ref1

Polaris missile, ref1

police: powers, ref1; acquittals, ref1; institutional racism, ref1

political correctness, ref1

pollution: concern, ref1; smog, ref1, ref2; motor vehicles, ref1

Pompidou, Georges, ref1, ref2

population, ref1

Portillo, Michael, ref1, ref2

Portsmouth, Lord, ref1

Portugal, ref1, ref2

Powell, Enoch: background, ref1, ref2; ‘rivers of blood’ speech, ref1; dismissal by Heath, ref1; view of Northern Ireland, ref1; Ugandan Asians issue, ref1; hostility to European project, ref1, ref2, ref3; called a fascist, ref1

Prescott, John, ref1, ref2

Presley, Elvis, ref1, ref2