Schrecker, John, ‘For the Equality of Men – For the Equality of Nations: Anson Burlingame and China’s First Embassy to the United States, 1868’, in Journal of American-East Asian Relations, 2010, vol. 17.
Seagrave, Sterling, Dragon Lady, Vintage Books, New York, 1993.
Shan Shiyuan, Gugong zhaji (Jottings about the Forbidden City), Zijincheng Chubanshe, Beijing, 1990.
Shan Shiyuan, Wo zai gugong qishinian (Seventy Years in the Forbidden City), Beijing shifan daxue chubanshe, Beijing, 1997.
Shanghai Cultural Relics Committee (ed.), Kang youwei yu baohuan-ghui (Kang Youwei and the Emperor Protection Association), Shanghai ren-min chubanshe, Shanghai, 1982.
Shen Xuefeng, ‘Qingdai caizheng shouru guimo yu jiegou bian-hua shulun’ (A Study of the Changes in Scale and Composition of the Qing Revenues), in Beijing shehui kexue (Social Sciences of Beijing), 2002, no. 1.
Sheng Xuanhuai, Sheng xuanhuai nianpu changbian (A Detailed Chronological Record of Sheng Xuanhuai), edited by Xia Dongyuan, Shanghai jiaotong daxue chubanshe, Shanghai, 2004.
Shi-bao, in the Library of the Institute of Modern History, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Beijing.
Shimura Toshiko, ‘Wuxu bianfa yu riben: jiawu zhanzheng houde baokan yulun’ (The Reforms of 1898 and Japan: The Press and Public Opinion after the Sino-Japanese War of 1894), in Guowai zhongguo jin-daishi yanjiu (Modern Chinese Studies Abroad), vol. 7, Zhongguo shehui kexue chubanshe, Beijing, 1985.
Shore, Henry Noel, The Flight of Lapwing, Longmans, Green & Co., London, 1881.
Shu Xincheng (ed.), Zhongguo xinjiaoyu gaikuang (Essays on Modern Education in China), Zhonghua shuju, Shanghai, 1928.
Simpson, William, Meeting the Sun, Longman, London, 1874.
Smith, Arthur H., China in Convulsion, Fleming H. Revell Company, New York, 1901.
Society of Manchu Studies (ed.), Qingdai diwang houfei zhuan (Short Biographies of Qing Emperors and Consorts), Zhongguo huaqiao chuban gongsi, Beijing, 1989.
Song Yanli, ‘Qingmo xinzheng shiqi de zhongying yapian jiaoshe’ (The Negotiation between China and Britain on Opium in the New-Policy Period of the Late Qing Dynasty), in Tangdu xuekan (Tangdu Journal), 2003, no. 4.
Spence, Jonathan D., The Search for Modern China, W.W. Norton & Co., New York & London, 1990.
State Archives Bureau, Ming and Qing Archives (ed.), Wuxu bianfa dangan shiliao (Archive Documents about the Reforms of 1898), Zhonghua shuju, Beijing, 1958.
Sun Ruiqin (tr.), Deguo waijiao wenjian youguan zhongguo jiaoshe shil-iao xuanyi (Translations of Selected German Diplomatic Documents on Dealing with China), Shangwu yinshuguan, Beijing, 1960.
Sun Xiaoen & Ding Qi, Guangxu zhuan (A Biography of Guangxu), Renmin chubanshe, Beijing, 1997.
Sun Yat-sen, Sun zhongsan nianpu changbian (A Detailed Chronological Record of Sun Yat-sen), edited by Chen Xiqi, Zhonghua shuju, Beijing, 1991.
Sun Yutang (ed.), Zhongguo jindai gongyeshi ziliao (Documents on the History of Modern Industries in China), Kexue chubanshe, Beijing, 1957.
Swinhoe, Robert, Narrative of North China Campaign of 1860, Elibron Classics, www.elibron.com, 2005.
Talo (Draklo), ‘Qingmo minzu guojia jianshe yu zhang yintang xizang xinzheng’ (Nation Building and Zhang Yintang’s New System in Tibet), in Minzu yanjiu (Ethno-National Studies), 2011, no. 3.
Tang Jiaxuan (ed.), Zhongguo waijiao cidian (Dictionary of China’s Diplomacy), Shijie zhishi chubanshe, Beijing, 2000.
Tang Yinian, Qinggong taijian (Eunuchs of the Qing Court), Liaoning daxue chubanshe, Shenyang, 1993.
Tang Zhijun, Chengfu xinhuo (New Discoveries from Japan), Jiangsu guji chubanshe, Nanjing, 1990.