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Summary

E.O.Berzin’s monography, Southeastern Asia from the Earliest Epochs till the 13th Century[15], describes the initial period of history of Southeastern Asia: since the time when a human society first emerged there till the Mongolian invasion of the 13th century. The whole period can be divided into the following stages:

1. Before the 2nd—1st millenia B.C. — the epoch of tribal society.

2. The 1st millenium B.C. — class societies and states emerge in the region.

3. The 1st—6th centuries A.D. — the period of the highest cultural integration of Southeastern Asia on the basis of various cultural elements of Indian Origin shared by a great number of small independent states. During this period different forms of religion (Buddhism of Theravada and Mahayana, Shivaism, Vishnuism) were spreading over the entire region more or less evenly. There were no apparent rivalry between them as yet. Cultural image of all the countries of Southeastern Asia (except for Northern Vietnam belonging to th6 Far Eastern cultural sphere) could be estimated as uniform. Integration of the entire region was at that moment maximal.