Как избежать климатических катастроф? План Б 4.0: спасение цивилизации

30 FAO, The State of Food and Agriculture 1995 (Rome: 1995), p. 175; Rosamond Naylor et al., “Losing the Links between Livestock and Land”, Science , vol. 310 (9 December 2005), pp. 1, 621–622.

31 “The Great North American Dust Bowl: A Cautionary Tale” в сборнике: Secretariat of the U. N. Convention to Combat Desertification, Global Alarm: Dust and Sandstorms from the World’s Drylands (Bangkok: 2002), pp. 77–121; John Steinbeck , The Grapes of Wrath (New York: Viking Penguin, Inc. 1939).

32 FAO, op. cit. note 30, p. 175; David Christian, Imperial and Soviet Russia: Power, Privilege, and the Challenge of Modernity (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 1997), p. 366; USDA, op. cit. note 2; France from USDA, Foreign Agricultural Service, World Agricultural Production (Washington, DC: April 2009), p. 7.

33 David Kaimowitz et al., Hamburger Connection Fuels Amazon Destruction (Jakarta, Indonesia: Center for International Forestry Research, 2004); Carlos R. Spehar, “Production Systems in the Savannahs of Brazil: Key Factors to Sustainability – в сборнике: Rattan Lal, ed., Soil Quality and Agricultural Sustainability (Chelsea, MI: Ann Arbor Press, 1998) pp. 301–318; Daniel Nepstad, “Climate Change and the Forest”, Tomorrow’s Amazonia: Using and Abusing the World’s Last Great Forests (Washington, DC: The American Prospect, September 2007); Geoffrey Lean, “A Disaster to Take Everyone’s Breath Away”, Independent (London), 24 July 2006.

34 Craig S. Smith, “Saudis Worry as They Waste Their Scarce Water”, New York Times , 26 January 2003.

35 Andrew England, “Saudis to Phase Out Wheat Production”, Financial Times , 10 April 2001; USDA Population Division, op. cit. note 8.

36 Michael Ma, “Northern Cities Sinking as Water Table Falls”, South China Morning Post , 11 August 2001; Smith, op. cit note 34; John Opie, Ogallala: Water for a Dry Land , 2nd ed. (Lincoln, NB: University of Nebraska Press, 2000), p. 3.

37 U. N. Population Division, op. cit. note 8; USDA, op. cit. note 2; Christopher Ward, “Yemen’s Water Crisis” – статья основана на лекции, прочитанной в Британском Йеменском обществе в сентябре 2000 г., July 2001; Fund for Peace and Foreign Policy , “The Failed States Index”, Foreign Policy , July/August 2009, pp. 80–93.

38 Ma, op. cit note 36; доля урожая зерновых, полученных с СевероКитайской равнины, взята из статьи: Hong Yang and Alexander Zehnder, “China’s Regional Water Scarcity and Implications for Grain Supply and Trade”, Environment and Planning A , vol. 33 (2001) и из электронной баз данных Национального статистического бюро Китая – см.: www.stats.gov.cn/tjsj/ndsj2008/indexeh.htm; просмотрено автором 9 июня 2009 г.

39 Ma, op. cit. note 36.

40 World Bank, China: Agenda for Water Sector Strategy for North China (Washington, DC: April 2001), pp. vii, xi; U. N. Population Division, op. cit note 8; USDA, op. cit note 2.

41 Число фермеров и объемы инвестиций в бурение и оснащение скважин взяты из работы: Peter H. Gltick et al. The World’s Water 2006– 2007 (Washington, DC: Island Press, 2006), p. 148; количество скважин и темпы истощения запасов подземных вод взяты из статьи: Fred Pearce, “Asian Farmers Sucking the Continent Dry”, New Scienist , 28 August 2004.

42 Pearce, op. cit. note 41.

43 USDA, op. cit note 2; John Briscoe, India’s Water Economy: Bracing for a Turbulent Future (New Delhi: World Bank, 2005); U. N. Population Division, op. cit. note 8.

44 USDA, Agricultural Resources and Environmental Indicators 2000 (Washington, DC: February 2000), chapter 2.1, p. 16; доля орошаемых земель подсчитана на основании данных, приведенных в публикации: FAO, op. cit. note 2; урожаи расчитаны на основании данных, приведенных в публикации USDA, op. cit. note 2; Sandra Postel, Pillar of Sand (New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 1999), p. 77.

45 U. N. Population Division, op. cit note 8; снижение уровней водных поверхностей взято из таблицы, приведенной в работе: “Pakistan: Focus on Water Crisis”, U. N. Integrated Regional Information Networks News , 17 May 2002.

46 “Pakistan: Focus on Water Crisis”, op. cit note 45; Sardar Riaz A. Khan, “Declining Land Resources Base”, Dawn (Pakistan), 27 September 2004.