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81 George M. Marsden, Fundamentalism and American Culture: The Shaping of Twentieth Century Evangelicalism, 1870-1925(New York: Oxford University Press, 1982), p. 6; Garry Wills, Under God: Religion and American Politics(New York: Simon and Schuster, 1990), p. 19.

82 Nathan O. Hatch, The Democratization of American Christianity(New Haven: Yale University Press, 1989), p. 4; William McLoughlin, ed. The American Evangelicals, 1800-1900; An Anthology(New York: Harper Row 1968), p. 26, quoted in Bellah, Broken Covenant,p. 46.

83 George Gallup, Jr., and Jim Castelli, The People's Religion: American Faith in the 90"s(New York: Macmillan, 1989), p. 93. For other estimates, see Cullen Murphy, "Protestantism and the Evangelicals", The Wilson Quarterly,(Autumn 1981), p. 107ff; Marsden, Fundamentalism and American Culture: The Shaping of Twentieth Century Evangelicalism, 1870-1925,p. 228; Boston Sunday Globe,20 February 2000, p. Al.

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84 Alexis de Tocqueville, Democracy in America(New York: Vintage, 1954), vol. I, p. 409; Bryce, American Commonwealth,Vol. 2, p. 417-418; Gunnar Myrdal, An American Dilemma(New York: Harper, 1944); Vol. 1, p. 495, Daniel Bell, "The End of American Exceptionalism", in Nathan Glazer and Irving Kristol, eds., The American Commonwealth 1976(New York: Basic Books, 1976), p. 209; Seymour Martin Lipset, American Exceptionalism: A Double-edged Sword(New York: Norton, 1996), p. 63-4.

85 Seymour Martin Lipset, The First New Nation: The United States in Historical and Comparative Perspective(New York: Norton, 1973), p. 103.

86 William Lee Miller; John Higham, "Hanging Together: Divergent Unities in American History", Journal of American History,61 (June 1974), p. 15; Jeff Spinner, The Boundaries of Citizenship(Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1994), p. 79-80.

87 Lipset, American Exceptionalism,p. 63-4.

88 Francis J. Grund, The Americans in Their Moral, Social and Political Relations(New York: Johnson Reprint, 1968), p. 355-56.

89 Geert Hofstede, Culture's Consequences: International Differences in Work-Related Values(Beverly Hills: Sage, 1980), p. 222; Henry van Loon, "How Cadets Stack Up", Armed Forces Journal International(March 1997), p. 18-20; Lipset, American Exceptionalism,p. 218; Charles Hampden-Turner and Alfons Trompenaars, The Seven Cultures of Capitalism(New York: Doubleday, 1993), p. 48, 57. See also Harry С Triandis, "Cross-Cultural Studies of Individualism and Collectivism", Nebraska Symposium on Motivation 1989(Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1990), vol. 37, p. 41-133.

90 Bellah, Broken Covenant,p. 76; John G. Cawelti, Apostles of the Self-Made Man(Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1965), p. 39ff; Bill Clinton, remarks to Democratic Leadership Council, 1993 quoted in Jennifer L. Hochschild, Facing Up to the American Dream,p. 18.

91 Judith N. Shklar, American Citizenship: The Quest for Inclusion(Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1991), p. 1-3, 67, 72-5.

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92 Schaff, America: A Sketch of Its Political, Social, and Religious Characterp. 29; Michael Chevalier, Society, Manners and Politics in the United States; Letters on North America(Gloucester, MA: Peter Smith, 1967), p. 267-68.

93 Roger M. Smith, "The 'American Creed' and American Identity: The Limits of Liberal Citizenship in the United States", Western Political Quarterly,41 (June 1988),p.239, citing Eric Foner, Free soil, Free Labor, Free Men: The Ideology of the Republican Party before the Civil War(New York: Oxford University Press, 1970); Cawelti, Apostles of the Self-Made Man,esp. p. 39ff.