Мальчики есть мальчики. Как помочь сыну стать настоящим мужчиной

4. Michael Kaufman, “The Construction of Masculinity and the Triad of Men’s Violence,” in Beyond Patriarchy: Essays by Men on Pleasure, Power and Change, ed. Michael Kaufman (Toronto: Oxford University Press, 1987).

5. Brian Heilman with Gary Barker, Masculine Norms and Violence: Making the Connections (Washington, DC: Promundo-US, 2018), 6, https://promundoglobal.org/2018/05/04/report-links-harmful-masculine-norms-violence.

6. Myriam Miedzian, Boys Will Be Boys: Breaking the Link Between Masculinity and Violence (New York: Anchor Books, 1991), xxiii.

7. Leonard D. Eron, Jacquelyn H. Gentry, and Peggy Schlegel, eds., Reason to Hope: A Psychosocial Perspective on Violence and Youth (Washington, DC: American Psychological Association, 1994), 9.

8. Wynne Perry, “Battling the Boys: Educators Grapple with Violent Play,” Live Science, last modified August 29, 2010, www.livescience.com/8514-battling-boys-educators-grapple-violent-play.html.

9. Eron, Gentry, and Schlegel, Reason to Hope, 30.

10. Там же, 35–36.

11. “Children’s Exposure to Violence: Indicators of Child and Youth Well-being” (Bethesda, MD: ChildTrends Databank online, May 2016), www.childtrends.org/indicators/childrens-exposure-to-violence.

12. Gavin Aronson, Mark Follman, and Deanna Pan, “A Guide to Mass Shootings in America,” Mother Jones online, last modified June 5, 2017, www.motherjones.com/politics/2012/07/mass-shootings-map; James Garbarino, Lost Boys: Why Our Sons Turn Violent and How We Can Save Them (New York: Free Press, 1999), ix.

13. James Gilligan, “Shame, Guilt, and Violence,” Social Research 70, no. 4 (Winter 2003): 1154.

14. Elijah Anderson, Code of the Street: Decency, Violence and the Moral Life of the Inner City (New York: W. W. Norton, 2000), 75.

15. Kindlon and Thompson, Raising Cain.

16. Gilligan, “Shame, Guilt, and Violence,” 1163.

17. Anderson, Code of the Street, 32.

18. Ann Arnett Ferguson, Bad Boys: Public School in the Making of Black Masculinity (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2001), 193.

19. Michael Cunningham and L. K. Meunier, “The Influence of Peer Experiences on Bravado Attitudes Among African American Males,” in Adolescent Boys, eds. Way and Chu (New York: New York University Press, 2004), 221.

20. Howard C. Stevenson, “Boys in Men’s Clothing,” in Adolescent Boys, eds. Way and Chu (New York: New York University Press, 2004), 60.

21. “Bullying,” ChildTrends Databank online, May 2016, www. childtrends.org/indicators/bullying.

22. “Unsafe at School,” ChildTrends Databank online, December 2015, www.childtrends.org/indicators/unsafe-at-school.

23. US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention online, “Understanding School Violence: Fact Sheet 2016,” accessed September 2, 2017, www.cdc.gov/violenceprevention/pdf/school_violence_fact_sheet-a.pdf.

24. Jonathan Salisbury and David Jackson, Challenging Macho Values: Practical Ways of Working with Adolescent Boys (London: Falmer Press, 1996), 104., 129.

25. Brett G. Stoudt, “‘You’re Either In or You’re Out’: School Violence, Peer Discipline, and the (Re)Production of Hegemonic Masculinity,” Men and Masculinities 8, no. 3 (January 1, 2006): 274.

26. Heilman with Barker, Masculine Norms and Violence.

27. ChildTrends Databank online, “Physical Fighting by Youth.”

28. Connie David-Ferdon et al., A Comprehensive Technical Package for the Prevention of Youth Violence and Associated Risk Behaviors (Atlanta: National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, CDC, 2016), 25.

29. Там же, 23.

30. Bob Ditter, “Bullying Behavior in Boys. and What to Do About It,” American Camp Association online. accessed September 3, 2017, www.acacamps.org/resource-library/camping-magazine/bullying-behavior-boys-what-do-about-it.

31. David-Ferdon et al., Comprehensive Technical Package, 15.

32. Eron, Gentry, and Schlegel, Reason to Hope, 11.

33. Garbarino, Lost Boys, 150.

Глава 9 ИГРУШКИ СОВРЕМЕННЫХ МАЛЬЧИКОВ

1. “Parenting in America: Outlook, Worries, Aspirations Are Strongly Linked to Financial Situation” Pew Research Center, December 17, 2015, http://assets.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2015/12/2015–12–17_parenting-in-america_FINAL.pdf.

2. Kristen Lucas and John L. Sherry, “Sex Differences in Video Game Play: A Communication-Based Explanation,” Communication Research 31, no. 5 (October 2004): 517.

3. Bruce D. Homer et al., “Gender and Player Characteristics in Video Game Play of Preadolescents,” Computers in Human Behavior 28, no. 5, (2012): 1782–89.

4. Benjamin Paassen, Thekla Morgenroth, and Michelle Stratemeyer, “What Is a True Gamer? The Male Gamer Stereotype and the Marginalization of Women in Video Game Culture,” Sex Roles 76, no. 7–8, (2017): 421–35.

5. Там же.

6. Maeve Duggan, “Gaming and Gamers Pew Research Center, December 15, 2015, www.pewinternet.org/2015/12/15/gaming-and-gamers.

7. Rosalind Wiseman, “Everything You Know About Boys and Video Games Is Wrong,” Time online, last modified July 8, 2015, http://time.com/3948744/video-games-kate-upton-game-of-war-comic-con.