Medici Money: Banking, metaphysics and art in fifteenth-century Florence

Holy Trinity, 116, 134–35

homosexuals:

Cosimo de’ Medici accused of having sympathy for, 102, 103

viewed as sinners, 13–14

humanism, 19, 116, 172, 184, 211

art affected by, 130

Cosimo de’ Medici’s education in, 55, 159

Cosimo de’ Medici’s relationship with, 92–93, 108, 119, 121, 185–86

and justification of leaders, 238

Lorenzo de’ Medici’s relationship with, 206, 208

Lorenzo di Giovanni de’ Medici’s education in, 55

middle ages dismissed by, 206–8

philosophical breakthrough of, 57

prominent early figures in, 55

Savonarola’s fundamentalism as reaction to, 235

secularization of the West begun by, 92–93

Hundred Years’ War, 174

Iliad (Homer), 11–12

illustrissima, 65

Imola, 204, 213

indulgences, 20, 123, 125, 203

Innocent VIII, Pope, 225, 226, 228, 234, 241, 244

insurance, shipping and, 40

interest:

banche a minuto and, 31

discretionary deposits and, 23–24

on exchange deals, 44–45

exchange transformed by, 13

fifteenth-century vs. contemporary views of, 15

on tax loans, 80–81

see also usury

Isaac and Abraham, 8, 13

Ischia, 194–95, 196, 197

Islam, 14, 147, 195

Italian language, 225

Italy:

French invasion of, 4, 9, 244–45

illegitimacy and etiquette in, 64–65

Lorenzo de’ Medici’s political power in, 225

loss of independence of, 9

monopoly on European finance held by, 5, 21

political factions and warfare in, 6, 15–17, 66–79, 84, 88–90, 99–100, 106, 116–18, 141–42, 146–47, 150, 218, 221, 225, 244

political map of, 69

protective figures in, 66

Turkish invasion of, 223

united against Ottoman Turks, 147

Izmir, Gulf of, 195

Jerome, Saint, 64

Jerusalem, 127

Jesus Christ, 25, 74, 75, 116, 124, 130, 131, 238, 246

Jews, 116

Cosimo de’ Medici and, 103

as Florence’s only legal pawnbrokers, 31, 103

wearing of yellow circle required of, 103

John the Baptist, 53

John XXIII, Pope, 47, 52

Journey of the Three Kings (Gozzoli), 151

Kent, Dale, 108

kings:

coinage and, 12, 17

monetary exchange governed by, 12

Koran, 14

language, used as legal or moral camouflage, 24, 31

Last Judgment (in Baptistery), 54

Last Judgment (Memling), 179, 230, 231

Last Judgment (Traini), 19

Lateran Church Council (1179), 10

Latin language, 185, 208–9, 221

Leonardo da Vinci, 225, 243

Leo X, Pope (Giovanni di Lorenzo de’ Medici), 221, 233–34, 236, 240, 243

Le Pin, Abbey of, 233

letters of credit, 6, 21, 25, 111, 135–36, 229–31

Life of Hannibal and Scipio Africanus (Acciaiuoli), 160

lily, as emblem of Florence, 17

Lippi, Filippo, 116, 133, 151

lira a fiorino, 36–37

literacy, 30

Lodi, Peace of (1454), 147

Logiati, Girolamo, 211

Lombardy, 142

London, 83, 113, 118, 197, 204

exchange deals between Italy and, 40–44

Medici bank branch in, 110–11, 114, 120, 179–83, 198, 232

population of, 7

trade between Italy and, 21–22

Lorraine, duke of, 244

Louis XI, King of France, 218, 229

Lucca, 89–90, 117, 120, 150

Luke, Saint, 11

Luther, Martin, 235, 243

Lyon, Medici bank branch in, 229–31, 232, 233, 239

Machiavelli, Girolamo, 104–6, 153

Machiavelli, Niccolò, 71–76, 78–79, 85–87, 90, 100, 140, 147, 157, 163, 193, 206, 224

Machiavelli, Totto, 42

Maddalena (slave), 63–64, 76

Madonna, 130

Magi, 116, 121, 128–30, 129, 151, 168

magic:

art and, 130–31

money and, 34

“manifest usurers,” 31

Marco, Saint, 125

Martelli, Ugolino, 120

Martin V, Pope, 24, 25, 52–53, 59, 61, 67–68, 93

Masaccio, 74, 75, 80

Masi, Matteo, 120

Mazzei, Lapo, 8

Medici, Antonio de’, 229

Medici, Averardo “Bicci” de’, 3, 8, 9–10

Medici, Averardo di Francesco de’, 83, 84, 98, 109, 111

Medici, Cambio d’Antonio de’, 8

Medici, Carlo de’, 63–64, 159

Medici, Clarice Orsini, 167, 178, 192–93, 201, 220–21, 239

Medici, Contessina de’ Bardi, 6, 52, 61, 111, 116, 162

Medici, Cosimo di Giovanni de’, 5, 6, 9, 17, 20, 24, 46, 61–152, 184, 185, 241, 242

as ambiguous figure, 86, 92, 103–9, 119–20, 121, 187–88, 246

arrest, exile, and return of, 94–100, 137, 138, 140

art and architecture commissioned by, 3, 56, 58–59, 62, 84, 104, 105, 108, 121–22, 124–30, 126, 129, 151, 186, 225, 246

birth of, 3

Calderoni’s poem addressed to, 106–7

as collector, 119, 120, 232–33

death of, 3, 107, 153

education of sons of, 159–60

as gonfaloniere della giustizia, 140

gout suffered by, 119, 127, 150

humanist education of, 55, 159

humanists’ relationships with, 92–93, 108, 119, 121, 185–86

illegitimate child of, 63–64

imprisonment and exile of, 3

Medici bank headed by, 61, 64, 66, 73, 83, 91–92, 107–20, 149–50, 171–72

motto of, 63

name saint of, see Cosma, Saint

official cleansing of sins of, 11, 128

as partner in Medici bank, 39

personality of, 61–62, 108, 119

physical appearance of, 106

political power of, 3, 86–87, 106, 107–8, 137, 139–41, 143, 153–55

portrayed in religious paintings, 129, 129, 151

princely ambitions of, 106, 160

as protective figure, 66

religious confraternities and, 62, 108–9, 116, 121

Rinaldo degli Albizzi’s victory over, 92–98

slaves of, 63–64, 86

in Ten of War committee, 86, 89, 90

title Pater Patriae awarded to, 3, 107

tomb of, 152