Межпоколенческая коммуникация

The survey found that attitudes toward intergenerational communication in Russia are similar to those in Western countries. During conversations, people get more satisfaction while talking to interlocutors of their own age group. The study found a statistically significant relationship between the age of respondents and their reported communication satisfaction: for all four age groups the correlation coefficients were fairly high. Older people reported that they were less satisfied when holding conversations with younger people compared to their satisfaction with their communication with interlocutors of their own age group. Results of the survey indicate that younger Russians, like their American counterparts, often feel a desire to avoid or end conversations with non-family elders. To summarize the scales relating to perceptions of communication with different age categories, a factor analysis using SPSS 14,0 was conducted. The best solution for perceptions of other’s communicative behavior was comprised of four factors: communicative accommodation and desire to communicate, communicative egocentrism and self-promotion, communicative non-accommodation and desire to avoid or end conversations, and partial accommodation and desire to talk only about one’s own problems. The author found that strategies of communicative behavior do not change with age, as respondents reported the same strategies for initiation, avoidance, or conclusion of intergenerational conversations regardless of their own age.

Chapter 4 reports on a study investigating the understanding and usage of religious terminology by people of different ages. In the post-Soviet period, the Russian language has experienced instability in the boundaries between the center and the periphery of the lexical system. It was claimed that words previously considered historicisms or obsolete terminology were making a comeback (Ryazanova-Clarke & Wade 1999). The changed role of religion in contemporary Russia has propelled ecclesiastical words into more active use. However, it was not clear to what extent these words are familiar to Russian speakers of different ages. The central task of the study was to establish a relationship between the age of speakers and their familiarity with religious words, and their attitude toward ecclesiastical words and expressions.

In this survey, conducted in Moscow and St. Petersburg, 132 respondents were asked to indicate how familiar they were with 22 pre-selected ecclesiastical words, how often they used them in their speech, and how often they came across these words in the mass media and in the speech of their relatives and friends. Respondents also provided information about their age, gender, religion, and education. The study demonstrated that respondents in all age groups were rather poorly acquainted with the meaning of selected ecclesiastical words, with the exception of high frequency words like «Trinity» and «Eucharist». Correlation analysis showed that with age people tend to use more ecclesiastical words in their speech (notwithstanding the fact that the majority of old and middle-aged Russians were brought up in Soviet atheist traditions). At the same time, older respondents indicated that they view ecclesiastical words as being somewhat less prestigious than do their younger counterparts who were not subject to the atheist propaganda. On the issue of a special language policy of using measures to promote religious lexis, we found a strong correlation between the rate of church attendance and favorable attitudes toward such a policy. Education level correlated with a better understanding of religious words and expressions. Women viewed the policy to promote religious words favorably more often than men did, but did not report a better understanding and higher usage of ecclesiastical words.

In general, young speakers tend to innovate in their lexical usage and be the least conservative in borrowing and trying new words in their lexicon. Middle-aged participants in communication are usually very close to the lexical norm, while older speakers are more conservative and tend to use outdated and obsolete words. The study proved that ecclesiastical words are viewed as mostly obsolete by older and middle-aged Russian speakers, while younger communicators are more inclined toward learning and using these words in their speech. Ecclesiastical words were not viewed as an obstacle in intergenerational communication, as they currently play a very minor role in conversations among Russian speakers.