Микробы хорошие и плохие. Наше здоровье и выживание в мире бактерий

E24; см. также: Lawrence Altman, “Staying Ahead of Microbes: New Progress”, New York Times, August 4, 1987, C3.

64 Michael Zasloff, “Antimicrobial Peptides of Multicellular Organisms”, Nature 415 (2002), 389–395.

65 Y. Ge et al., “In Vitro Antibacterial Properties of Pexiganan, an Analog of Magainin”, Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 43 (1999), 782–788.

66 M. J. Goldman et al., “Human Beta-defensm-1 Is a Salt-Sensitive Antibiotic in Lung That Is Inactivated in Cystic Fibrosis”, Cell 88 (1997), 553–560.

67 L. Jacob, M. Zasloff, “Potential Therapeutic Applications of Magainins and Other Antimicrobial Agents of Animal Origin”, Ciba Foundation Symposia 186 (1994X197-223; Y. Ge et al., “In Vitro Susceptibility to Pexiganan of Bacteria Isolated from Infected Diabetic Foot Ulcers”, Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease 35 (1999), 45–53.

68 Department of Health and Human Services, Food and Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Anti-infective Drugs Advisory Committee, 66th meeting, March 4, 1999 (стенограмма).

69 Rexford Ahima et al., “Appetite Suppression and Weight Reduction by a Centrally Active Aminosterol”, Diabetes 51 (2002), 2099–2104.

70 Graham Bell, Pierre-Henri Gouyon, “Arming the Enemy: The Evolution of Resistance to Self-Proteins”, Microbiology 149 (2003), 1367–1375.

71 Jack Lucentini, “Antibiotic Arms Race Heats Up”, Scientist, September 8, 2003, 29.

72 Gabriel Perron, Michael Zasloff, Graham Bell, “Experimental Evolution of Resistance to an Antimicrobial Peptide”, Proceedings of the Royal Society B 273 (2006), 251–256.

73 Charlotte Schubert, “Microbes Overcome Natural Antibiotic”, news@nature.com, November 2, 2005, www.nature.com/news/20 05 / 051031 / full / news051031-5.html.

74 Rubhana Raqib et al., “Improved Outcome in Shigellosis Associated with Butyrate Induction of an Endogenous Peptide Antibiotic”, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 103 (2006), 9178–9183.

75 Philip Liu et al., “Toll-like Receptor Triggering of a Vitamin D-Mediated Human Antimicrobial Response”, Science 311 (2006), 1770–1773.

76 Emma Harris, “Extreme TB Strain Threatens HIV Victims Worldwide”, Nature 443 (2006), 131.

Часть 6. Не убивать, а ослаблять, отвлекать и использовать

1 Эпиграф: Theodor Rosebury, Microorganisms Indigenous to Man (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1962) 352–353.

2 Интервью, взятые автором у Виктора Низе (Victor Nizet) в ноябре 2006 г.

3 Jesse Wright et al., “The Agr Radiation: An Early Event in the Evolution of Staphylococci”, Journal of Bacteriology 187 (2005), 5585–5594.

4 Jesse Wright, Rhuzong Jim, Richard Novick, “Transient Interference with Staphylococcal Quorum Sensing Blocks Abscess Formation”, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 102 (2005), 1691–1696.

5 K. A. Davis, “Ventilator Associated Pneumonia: A Review”, Journal of Intensive Care Medicine 21 (2006), 211–226.

6 Интервью, взятые автором у Ричарда Новика в ноябре 2006 г.

7 Phillip Coburn et al., “Enterococcus faecalis Senses Target Cells and in Response Expresses Cytolysin”, Science 306 (2004), 2270–2272.

8 Интервью, взятое автором у Майкла Гилмора (Michael Gilmore) в ноябре 2006 г.

9 George Liu et al., “Sword and Shield: Linked Group B Streptococcal B-hemolysin/cytolysin and Carotenoid Pigment Function to Subvert

Host Phagocyte Defense”, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 101 (2004) 14491-14496.

10 Vivekanand Datta et al., “Mutational Analysis of the Group A Streptococcal Operon Encoding Streptolysin S and Its Virulence Role in Invasive Infection”, Molecular Microbiology 56 (2005), 681-95; John Buchanan et al., “Dnase Expression Allows the Pathogen Group A Streptococcus to Escape Killing in Neutrophil Extracellular Traps”, Current Biology 16 (2006), 396–400.

11 Thomas Louie et al., “Tolevamer, a Novel Nonantibiotic Polymer, Compared with Vancomycin in the Treatment of Mild to Moderately Severe Clostridium difficile-Associated Diarrhea”, Clinical Infectious Diseases 43 (2006), 411–420.

12 Личное сообщение Дэвида Дэвидсона (David Davidson, старший медицинский директор корпорации Genzyme) автору в ноябре 2006 г.