Начало эры разума

94. In Smith, Culture, I, 53.

95. Singer, 240.

96. Fülop-Miller, Jesuits, 397.

97. Singer, 240.

98. Fülop-Miller, 398.

99. Ibid.

100. Ibid.

101. Kesten, 371.

102. Galileo, Discoveries and Opinions, 177.

103. Ibid, 180.

104. 183.

105. Drake in Galileo, Discoveries and Opinions, 217.

106. Singer, 252.

107. Kesten, 375.

108. Wolf, 36.

109. Kesten, 379; Singer, 258.

110. Galileo, Two Chief World Systems, 5.

111. Ibid, 460.

112. Kesten, 388.

113. Singer, 269.

114. En. Br., IX, 980b.

115. Ibid.; Wolf, 37.

116. Viviani in Singer, 279.

117. Kesten, 93.

118. Ibid, 395.

CHAPTER XXIII

1. Janssen, XVI, 132–4.

2. Robertson, Freethought, 483.

3. Ibid, 484.

4. Mousnier, Histoire générale, IV, 203.

5. Ibid, 201.

6. Owen, John, Skeptics of the French Renaissance, 676.

7. Ibid, 578–9.

8. Ibid.

9. 584.

10. 580.

11. Charron, Pierre, Of Wisdom, I, 61, 74, 79–80.

12. Owen, 598.

13. Cf. Charron, in Pascal, Pensées, ed. Havet, introd. xii.

14. Bury, Freedom of Thought, 75.

15. Owen, 570.

16. Singer, D. W., Giordano Bruno, 22.

17. Ibid, 24.

18. Owen, 274.

19. Bruno, La cena de le ceneri, Dialogue IV, in Singer, D. W., 33.

20. In Owen, 274.

21. Singer, Bruno, 137.

22. Ibid, 35.

23. Symonds, Catholic Reaction, II, 53–4.

24. Owen, 125.

25. Singer, Bruno, 146.

26. In Owen, 294.

27. Cassirer, Philosophy of the Enlightenment, 41.

28. Bruno, Dedication to De la causa, preincipio et uno, in Singer, Bruno, 103.

29. Thorndike, Magic and Experimental Science, IV, 425–7.

30. Owen, 290–3.

31. Singer, Bruno, 161.

32. Symonds, Catholic Reaction, II, 62.

33. Kesten, 323.

34. Singer, Bruno, 166.

35. Ibid, 172.

36. 179.

37. Owen, 390.

38. Ibid, 399.

39. 400.

40. Symonds, 128; Kesten, 328.

41. Tr. J. A. Symonds in Van Doren, Anthology, 599.

42. Campanella, City of the Sun, in Ideal Commonwealths, 147.

43. Ibid, 157.

44. 164.

45. 168.

46. Murray, R. H., Erasmus and Luther, 443.

47. Ranke, Popes, II, 13.

48. Carlyle, R. W., Medieval Political Theory, VI, 341.

49. Campbell, The Jesuits, 379.

50. Mariana, The King and The Education of the King, i, 2.

51. Ibid., i, 10.

52. Ibid., Preface, p. 108.

53. Ibid., iii, 15.

54. In Laski, Political Thought in England, Locke to Bentham, 85.

55. Mariana, The King, i, I.

56. Ibid, iii, 2.

57. i, 6, pp. 144–9.

58. Ibid.

59. Bodin, Method for the Easy Comprehension of History, II.

60. Allen, Political Thought, 395.

61. Bodin, De republica, i, 4, in Allen, 408–9.

62. Ibid, 410.

63. Bodin, De republica, i, 6.

64. Ibid, i, 9.

65. Ibid, vi, 4, in Dunning, Political Theories from Luther to Montesquieu, 107.

66. Ibid, in Allen, Political Thought, 436.

67. In Allen, 406.

68. Bodin, Method for the Easy Comprehension of History, in Allen, 399.

69. Allen, 400–1.

70. Blok, III, 463.

71. Grotius, Prolegomena, in Dunning, 161.

72. Grotius, Rights of War and Peace, I, i, 10, p. 21.

73. Ibid, I, ii, I.

74. II, xxii.

75. I, xvii.

76. II, xxvi.

77. Lange, F. E., History of Materialism, I, 266.

78. France, A, Elm Tree on the Mall, 13.

79. Russell, B., History of Western Philosophy, 558.

80. Fischer, K., Descartes, 194f.

81. Discours, Part III, in Descartes, Selections, 27.

82. Ibid, p. 28.

83. Faguet, Dix-septième siècle, 6–7.

84. Descartes, Principia philosophiae, I, 71, in Meditations and Principles of Philosophy, 168.

85. Discours, Part II, in Selections, 12.

86. Descartes, Meditations, II, in Selections, 96.

87. Discours, Part IV, and Meditations, II, in Selections, 29, 99.

88. St. Augustine, De Trinitate, x, 10.

89. Meditations, II, in Selections, 106.

90. «Rules for the Direction of the Mind,» VIII, in Selections, 69.

91. Meditations, III, in Selections, 125.

92. Ibid, 154.

93. Ibid, 89.

94. Principia philosophiae, I, xxxix.

95. Meditations, IV, in Selections, 127.

96. Discours, IV, in Selections, 30.

97. En. Br., VII, 249d.

98. Ibid.

99. Lévy-Bruhl, History of Modern Philosophy in France, 29.

100. Discours, in Vartanian, Diderot and Descartes, 16.

101. Fischer, Descartes, 406.

102. In Smith, Culture, I, 194.

103. Smith, D. E, ed., Isaac Newton, 18.

104. Fischer, 229.

105. Garrison, History of Medicine, 258.

106. Selections, 222–47.

107. Aubrey, Brief Lives, 95.

108. Fischer, 231.

109. Fülop-Miller, Jesuits, 124.

110. Fontenelle, Digression sur les anciens et les modernes, in Fellows and Torrey, Age of the Enlightenment, 57.

111. Lévy-Bruhl, 33.

112. Vartanian, Diderot and Descartes, 205 and passim.