Наикратчайшая история Китая. От древних династий к современной супердержаве

Поколения китайских мыслителей и поэтов, художников и изобретателей сделали мир намного богаче; они всегда меня вдохновляют. Я закончу стихотворением, написанным почти тысячу лет назад Су Дунпо [1]:

У смертных – радости и скорбь,
Разлуки-встречи вдруг,
И у луны – то свет, то тень,
То круг, то полукруг.
Издревле так. И не дано
Кому-то лишь одно.
А я хочу, чтоб сотни ли
Луна пересекла
И перед тем, кто там, вдали,
Во всей красе плыла![80]

Примечания

Предисловие

1. Beijing Says 400 Million Chinese Cannot Speak Mandarin. BBC News, 6 September 2013.

2. Confucius. The Analects of Confucius. Trans. Simon Leys. P. xxvi.

3. González de Mendoza Juan. Historia del gran Reino de la China. 1585.

1. Истоки

1. См.: Haapanen Minna. The Royal Consort Fu Hao of the Shang // The Human Tradition in Premodern China. Ed. Kenneth J. Hammond. Wilmington: Scholarly Resources, 2002. P. 1–13.

2. Book Nine. Odes of Wei. Ode 6. Verse 3. Book of Odes.

2. Чжоу

1. Sun Tzu [Sunzi]. The Art of War. Trans. Ralph D. Sawyer with Mei-chün Sawyer. P. 129.

2. Confucius. The Analects of Confucius. Trans. Simon Leys. P. 67.

3. Ibid. P. 89.

4. Ibid. P. 76.

5. Ibid. P. 12.

6. Waley Arthur. Three Ways of Thought in Ancient China. P. 14.

7. Liu Xiaobo. No Enemies, No Hatred: Selected Essays and Poems. Ed. Perry Link, Tienchi Martin-Liao and Liu Xia. Trans. Thomas E. Moran. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2012. P. 192.

8. Confucius. The Analects of Confucius. Trans. Simon Leys. P. xvi.

9. Mencius. The Chinese Classics Volume 2. Trans. James Legge. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press, 1960. P. 318.

10. Ibid. P. 167.

11. Лао-цзы, цит. по: A Personal Tribute to C.P. FitzGerald // Essays on the Sources for Chinese History. Ed. Donald Leslie et al. Trans. Wang Ling. Australian National University Press, 1973. P. 1.

12. Laozi. Tao Te Ching. Trans. John Minford. P. 317.

13. Tao Te Ching – A New Translation of a Chinese Classic. China Heritage: The Wairarapa Academy for New Sinology, 20 November 2018.

14. Waley Arthur. Three Ways of Thought in Ancient China. P. 14.

15. I Ching. Trans. John Minford. P. xi, xiii.

16. Waley Arthur. Three Ways of Thought in Ancient China. P. 159.

17. Zha Jianying. China’s Heart of Darkness – Prince Han Fei & Chairman Xi Jinping (Prologue). China Heritage, 14 July 2020.

3. Цинь

1. Barmé Geremie. China’s Season of Major Political Anniversaries. New York: Asia Society, 13 November 2019.

2. Sima Qian. Records of the Historian. Trans. Yang Hsien-yi and Gladys Yang. Hong Kong: Commercial Press, 1974. P. 170–172, 177–178.

3. Yangyang Cheng. A Birthday Letter to the People’s Republic. China File, 28 September 2019.

4. Цитата из кн.: Fitzgerald C. P. China: A Short Cultural History. 3rd ed. New York: Praeger Publishers, 1972. P. 150.

4. Хань

1. Evoking Past Glories in the Desert. China Daily, 28 April 2003.

2. Hinsch Bret. Passions of the Cut Sleeve: The Male Homosexual Tradition in China. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1990. P. 36.

3. См.: Jenne Jeremiah. Long Road to Abolition: Legal, Social and Cultural Barriers to Ending China’s Forced Labor Tradition // World of Chinese. 27 November 2016.

4. Sima Qian (trans. Wang Ling) цит. по Sources of Chinese Tradition: Volume 2. Ed. Wm. Theodore de Bary, Richard Lufrano. New York and Chichester: Columbia University Press, 1999. P. 234.

5. Elvin Mark. The Pattern of the Chinese Past. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1973. P. 31.

6. См.: Dash Mike. Emperor Wang Mang: China’s First Socialist? // Smithsonian Magazine, 9 December 2011.

7. Chronicles of Huayang. Trans. Chen Mengxue.

8. Zhao Ban. Lessons for Women. Trans. USC US-China Institute. USC US China Institute, 2020.

9. Cao Cao. Graveyard Song // Classical Chinese Literature. Vol. 1. Ed. John Minford, Joseph Lau. Trans. John Frodsham. P. 419.

5. Великий разлад

1. Records of the Three Kingdoms. Vol. 37.

2. Zhuge Liang. On Deploying the Army // Classical Chinese Literature. Vol. 1. Ed. John Minford, Joseph Lau. Trans. Robert Joe Cutter. P. 594.

3. Cao Cao. The Empty City. Trans. John Minford in ibid. P. 553. Footnote 20.

4. См.: Crespigny Rafe de. The Three Kingdoms and Western Jin: A History of China in the Third Century AD // East Asian History, no. 1, June 1991. Canberra: Australian National University. P. 34.

5. Classical Chinese Literature. Vol. 1. Ed. John Minford, Joseph Lau. Trans. Richard B. Mather. P. 669.

6. Portraits of Individualists // Barmé Geremie, Jaivin Linda. New Ghosts, Old Dreams. Trans. Geremie Barmé. P. 194–195.