Ndi Africa

Андрей Тихомиров Ndi Africa

Di ka otu nsughari si kwuo, okwu ahu bu "Africa" sitere n'aha Berber ebo Afrigia, bu ndi bi n'ebe ugwu nke Afrika Afrika, e nwekwara ogbe Rom nke Africa. Rome hibere mpaghara Afrika nke Rome na 146 BC. e. na saiti nke Carthaginian steeti, nwere akuku ugwu odida anyanwu nke Tunisia nke oge a. N'oge oge nke Alaeze Ukwu, Africa bu nke ndi omeiwu na-achi ma na-achi achi. A na-eji oge a na-achi Alaeze Ukwu site na oganihu nke usoro obodo. Obodo nwetara ikike nke obodo na obodo. Ndi na-achikari n'obodo ndi ahu bu ndi Rom na-achi na ndi Romanized nke ndi obodo. Na omenala, n'oge Alaeze Ukwu, ogbe Africa ruru nnukwu oru. Otu o di, ndi bi n’ime ime obodo nogidere na-adabaghi n’asusu Latin na omenala ndi Rom. Na nari afo nke 4-5. o ghoro ogbe nke nnukwu ogba aghara nke ndi ohu na ogidi, bu nke mere ka Alaeze Ukwu Rom daa mba nke ukwuu ma mee ka o daa. Na 5th c. Vandals biri na Africa. Na nke 6 c. eze ukwu Byzantium bu Justinian jisiri ike weghachi ebe di n'uso oke osimiri, ma ike nke Byzantium adighi ike. Na nari afo nke asaa Ndi Arab meriri ogbe Africa.

Na North Africa, laa azu na nari afo nke mbu BC. e. e nwere otutu steeti nooro onwe ha: Carthage, nke ndi si Fonishia kwabatara, bu ndi na-asu asusu Semitic di nso na Hibru, Mauritania na Numidia, nke ndi Libya kere. Mgbe ndi Rom meriri Carthage na 146 BC. e. steeti ndi a, mgbe mgba isi ike gasiri, ghoro ihe onwunwe ndi Rom. Nari afo ole na ole tupu oge ohuru, mmepe nke otu klas malitere na mpaghara Etiopia nke oge a. Otu n'ime steeti ndi mepere ebe a – Aksum – ruru elu ya na nari afo nke ano BC. n. e., mgbe ihe onwunwe ya di n'ebe odida anyanwu rutere obodo Meroe na ndagwurugwu Nail, na n'ebe owuwa anyanwu – "Arebia obi uto" (Yemen nke oge a). Na nari afo nke abuo na. e. steeti siri ike etolitela na Western Sudan (Ghana, Mali, Songhai na Bornu); ka e mesiri, e guzobere steeti n'uso oke osimiri Guinea (Ashanti, Dahomey, Kongo, wdg), odida anyanwu nke Odo Chad (steeti ndi Hausa) na n'otutu ebe ndi ozo nke ala Africa.

Asusu ndi bi na Tropical Africa, ndi bi na ndida ezinulo Semitic-Hamitic, na-ejikotakari ugbu a n'ezinulo abuo: Niger (Congo) -Kordofan na Nilo-Saharan. Otu Niger-Kordofanian gunyere Niger-Congo otu – nke kachasi onu na otu di n'otu: West Atlantic, Mande, Volts, Kwa, Benue-Congo na Adamawa-Eastern. Ndi di n'Ebe Odida Anyanwu Atlantic gunyere nnukwu ndi Fulbe bi n'otu di iche iche na ihe foro nke nta ka o buru mba nile nke Western na Central Sudan, Wolof na Serep (Senegal), na ndi ozo. elu ugwu nke osimiri Senegal na Niger (Guinea, Mali, wdg). ), ndi Volta (moy, loby, bobo, Senufo, wdg) – na Burkina Faso, Ghana na obodo ndi ozo. Ndi Kwa na-agunye nnukwu ndi bi n'uso oke osimiri Guinea di ka Yoruba na Ibo (Nigeria), Akan (Ghana) na Ewe (Benin na Togo); Ndi bi n’ebe ndida, a na-akpokwa ha ndi Dahomean mgbe ufodu; Ndi na-asu asusu (ma o bu olumba) nke Kru no n'onodu dipuru adipu. Ndi a bu Bakwe, Grebo, Krahn na ndi ozo bi na Liberia na Ivory Coast (Ivory Coast). Otutu ndi mmadu hibere otu obere Benue-Congo, ndi akporo na mbu sitere na ezinulo Bantu puru iche na otu Eastern Bantu. Ndi Bantu, ezigbo otu n'okwu asusu na omenala, bi na mba Central na akuku owuwa anyanwu na South Africa (Democratic Republic of the Congo (nke bubu Zaire), Angola, Tanzania, Mozambique, Zimbabwe, South Africa, wdg). Ndi oka mmuta asusu kewara Bantu n'ime otu iri na ise: 1st – duala, lupdu, fang, wdg; 2nd -teke, mgbo, kele; 3rd – bangi, pgala, mongo, tetelya; 4th – Rwanda, rundi; 5th – ganda, luhya, kikuyu, kamba; 6th-nyamwezi, nyatura; 7th – Swahili, togo, hehe; 8th – Kongo, ambundu; 9th-chokwe, luena; 10-luba; 11-bemba, fipa, tonga; 12th – Malawi 13 – Yao, Makonde, Makua; 14th – ovimbundu, ambo, herero; 15th – Shona, Suto, Zulu, Spit, Swazi, wdg.

Otu ndi Pygmies nke Congo Basin na-asukwa asusu Bantu (Efe, Basu A, Bambuti, wdg), ndi a na-ahukari di ka ndi di iche iche. N'etiti ndi owuwa anyanwu na Central Bantus, asusu Swahili, nke nwere mmetuta putara ihe nke Arabic, aghowo ebe niile n'ime iri afo ndi na-adibeghi anya, onu ogugu ndi na-asu ya bu nde 60 (ndi Swahili di nde 1.9). Ndi adamaua, otu n'akuku owuwa anyanwu, gunyere Azande, Cham-Ba, Banda, na ndi ozo bi na Central na Eastern Sudan.

Otu Kordofan, di ntakiri na onu ogugu na okeala, gunyere ndi Koalib, Tumtum, Tegali, Talodi na Katla (Republic of Sudan).