Обман в науке

55 ‘очень театрализованное исследование’: Majeed A.W. et al. Randomised, prospective, single-blind comparison of laparoscopic versus small-incision cholecystectomy // Lancet. 1996. 347 (9007) (13 April). P. 989–94.

56 ‘исследование слепых экспериментов’: Schulz K.F., Chalmers I., Hayes R.J., Altman D.G. Empirical evidence of bias: Dimensions of methodological quality associated with estimates of treatment effects in controlled trials // JAMA. 1995. № 273. P. 408–412.

56 ‘обзор исследований’: Ernst Е., White A.R. Acupuncture for back pain: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Arch Int Med (1998); 158. P. 2235–41.

56 Рисунок: Ibid.

57 ‘стандартный обзор’ Ernst E., Pittler M.H. Efficacy of homeopathic arnica: a systematic review of placebo-controlled clinical trials // Arch Surg. 1998. № 133 (11) (November). P. 1187–1190.

60 ‘описаны два исследования’: Khan K.S., Daya S., Jadad A.R. The importance of quality of primary studies in producing unbiased systematic reviews // Arch. Intern. Med. 1996. № 156. P. 661–666; Moher D., Pham B., Jones A. et al. Does quality of reports of randomized trials affect estimates of intervention efficacy reported in metaanalyses? // Lancet. 1998. № 352. P. 609–613.

62 Рисунок: Ernst E., Pittler M.H. Re-analysis of previous metaanalysis of clinical trials of homeopathy // J. Clin. Epi. 2000. № 53 (11). P. 1188.

66 ‘Знаковый метаанализ’: Shang A., Huwiler-Miintener K., Nartey L., Jiini P., Dorig S., Sterne J.A., Pewsner D., Egger M. Are the clinical effects of homoeopathy placebo effects? Comparative study of placebo-controlled trials of homoeopathy and allopathy // Lancet. 27 August — 2 September. 2005. № 366 (9487). P. 726–732.

67 ‘Однажды больных’: Tallon D., Chard J., Dieppe P. Relation between agendas of the research community and the research consumer // Lancet. 2000. № 355. P. 2037–2040.

61 ‘Они могут сработать’: BBC Radio 4 Case Notes (19 July 2005).

Глава 5. Эффект плацебо

72 ‘Неужели плацебо’: The placebo in medicine // Med Press. 1890. № 642. (18 June).

73 ‘Генри Бичер’: Beecher HK. The powerful placebo // JAMA. 1955- ^№159 (17) (24 December). P. 1602–1606.

73 ‘Питер Паркер’: Skrabanek P., McCormick J. Follies and Fallacies in Medicine. Tarragon Press, 1989.

75 ‘Дэниела Мормана’: Moerman D.E. General medical effectiveness and human biology: placebo effects in the treatment of ulcer disease //Med. Anth. Quarterly (August 1983); 14; 4. P. 3–16.

76 ‘в других испытаниях’: Craen de A.J, Moerman D.E., Heisterkamp S.H., Tytgat G.N., Tijssen J.G., Kleijnen J. Placebo effect in the treatment of duodenal ulcer // Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol. 1999. № 48 (6) (December). P. 853–860.

77 ‘Блэкуел (1972)’: Blackwell B., Bloomfield S.S., Buncher C.R. Demonstration to medical students of placebo responses and non-drug factors // Lancet. 1972. № 1 (7763) (10 June). P. 1279–1282.

77 ‘Еще одно исследование’: Schapira К., McClelland H.A., Griffiths N.R., Newell D.J. Study on the effects of tablet colour in the treatment of anxiety states // BMJ. 1970 (23 May). № 1 (5707). P. 446–449-

77 ‘касающееся цвета’: Craen de A.J., Roos P.J., Vries de L.A., Kleijnen J. Effect of colour of drugs: systematic review of perceived effect of drugs and of their effectiveness // BMJ. 1996. № 313 (7072) (21–28 December). P. 1624–1626.

77 ‘B 1970 году’: Hussain M.Z., Ahad A. Tablet colour in anxiety states // BMJ. 1970 (22 August). № 3 (5720). P. 466.

78 ‘Способ введения’: Grenfell R.F., Briggs A.H., Holland W.C. Double blind study of the treatment of hypertension // JAMA. 1961. № 176. P. 124–128; Craen de A.J.M., Tijssen J.G.P., Gans de J., Kleijnen J. Placebo effect in the acute treatment of migraine: subcutaneous placebos are better than oral placebos // J. Neur. 2000. № 247. P. 183–188. Gracely R.H., Dubner R., McGrath P.A. Narcotic analgesia: fentanyl reduces the intensity but not the unpleasantness of painful tooth pulp sensations // Science (23 March 1979)- № 203 (4386). P. 1261–1263.

78 ‘смехотворная история упаковки’: Kaptchuk T.J., Stason W.B., Davis R.B., Legedza A.R., Schnyer R.N., Kerr C.E., Stone D.A., Nam B.H., Kirsch I., Goldman R.H. Sham device v inert pill: randomized controlled trial of two placebo treatments // BMJ. 2006 (18 February). № 332 (7538). P. 391–397.

77 ‘Брантуайт и Купер’: Branthwaite A., Cooper P. Analgesic effects of branding in treatment of headaches // BMJ. (Clin Res ed). 1981. № 282. P. 1576–1578.

78 ‘недавние исследования’: Waber et al. Commercial features of placebo and therapeutic efficacy // JAMA. 2008. № 299. P. 1016–1017.

79 ‘готовящаяся сейчас к изданию’: Ginoa F. Do we listen to advice just because we paid for it? The impact of advice cost on its use. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes 2008. В печати (Опубликовано онлайн 25 апреля 2008 года). Доступно на: http://dx.d0i.0rg/10.1016/j.0bhdp.2008.03.001.

79 ‘Монтгомери и Кирш’: Montgomery G.H., Kirsch I. Mechanisms of placebo pain reduction: an empirical investigation // Psych. Science. 1996. № 7. P. 174–176.