Отрицатели науки. Как говорить с плоскоземельщиками, антиваксерами и конспирологами.

Powell J.L. Why Climate Deniers Have No Scientific Credibility – in One Pie Chart // DeSmog. 2012. 15 ноября. URL: https://www.desmogblog.com/2012/11/15/why-climate-deniers-have-no-credibility-science-one-pie-chart.

Powell J.L. Why Climate Deniers Have No Scientific Credibility: Only 1 of 9,136 Recent Peer-Reviewed Authors Rejects Global Warming // DeSmog. 2014. 8 января. URL: https://www.desmogblog.com/2014/01/08/why-climate-deniers-have-no-scientific-credibility-only-1-9136-study-authors-rejects-global-warming.

Doran P.T. и др. Examining the Scientific Consensus on Climate Change // Eos: Transactions of the American Geophysical Union. 2009. № 90 (3). С. 22–23.

Cook J. и др. Quantifying the Consensus on Anthropogenic Global Warming in the Scientific Literature // Environmental Research Letters. 2013. 15 мая. URL: https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1748-9326/8/2/024024/pdf; The 97 % Consensus on Global Warming // Skeptical Science. URL: https://www.skepticalscience.com/global-warming-scientific-consensus-intermediate.htm.

Foley K.E. Those 3 % of Scientific Papers That Deny Climate Change? A Review Found Them All Flawed // Quartz. 2017. 5 сентября. URL: https://qz.com/1069298/the-3-of-scientific-papers-that-deny-climate-change-are-all-flawed/; Nuccitelli D. Millions of Times Later, 97 Percent Climate Consensus Still Faces Denial // Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists. 2019. 15 августа. URL: https://thebulletin.org/2019/08/millions-of-times-later-97-percent-climate-consensus-still-faces-denial/; Nuccitelli D. Here’s What Happens When You Try to Replicate Climate Contrarian Papers // The Guardian. 2015. 25 августа. URL: https://www.theguardian.com/environment/climate-consensus-97-per-cent/2015/aug/25/heres-what-happens-when-you-try-to-replicate-climate-contrarian-papers; Benestad R.E. и др. Learning from Mistakes in Climate Research // Theoretical and Applied Climatology. 2016. № 126. С. 699–703. URL: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00704-015-1597-5.

Поразительно, что даже сегодня, спустя 150 лет после великого открытия Дарвина, лишь 98 % ученых согласны с его теорией эволюции путем естественного отбора (которая служит основой любых объяснений в биологии). Masci D. For Darwin Day, 6 Facts about the Evolution Debate // Pew Research Center’s Fact Tank. 2019. 11 февраля. URL: https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2019/02/11/darwin-day/.

Nuccitelli D. Trump Thinks Scientists Are Split on Climate Change. So Do Most Americans // The Guardian. 2018. 22 октября. URL: https://www.theguardian.com/environment/climate-consensus-97-per-cent/2018/oct/22/trump-thinks-scientists-are-split-on-climate-change-so-do-most-americans.

Институт создали сразу после подписания Киотского протокола (декабрь 1997 года), а известно о нем стало в апреле 1998 года. 1998 American Petroleum Institute Global Climate Science Communications Team Action Plan // Climate Files. URL: http://www.climatefiles.com/trade-group/american-petroleum-institute/1998-global-climate-science-communications-team-action-plan/.

Climate Science vs. Fossil Fuel Fiction // Union of Concerned Scientists. 2015. Март. URL: https://www.ucsusa.org/sites/default/files/attach/2015/03/APIquote1998_1.pdf.

Hall S. Exxon Knew about Climate Change almost 40 Years Ago // Scientific American. 2015. 26 октября. URL: https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/exxon-knew-about-climate-change-almost-40-years-ago/; Goldenberg S. Exxon Knew of Climate Change in 1981, Email Says – But It Funded Deniers for 27 More Years // The Guardian. 2015. 8 июля. URL: https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2015/jul/08/exxon-climate-change-1981-climate-denier-funding.

Меня неизменно изумляет, почему адепты конспирологии не интересуются вот этими вещами – подлинными заговорами! См. об этом: Coll S. Private Empire: ExxonMobil and American Power. New York: Penguin Press, 2012; ExxonMobil: A ‘Private Empire’ on the World Stage // NPR. 2012. 2 мая. URL: http://www.npr.org/2012/05/02/151842205/exxonmobil-a-private-empire-on-the-world-stage.

Oreskes N. и др. Merchants of Doubt. New York: Bloomsbury, 2011. С. 183.

Nancy Pelosi and Newt Gingrich Commercial on Climate Change // YouTube. 2008. 17 апреля. URL: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qi6n_-wB154.