Paul and Jesus

   20:9–12, 56

   20:23, 257

   21:17–26, 34

   21:18–26, 245

   21:18, 33

   21:20–21, 211

   21:38, 243

   21:39, 232

   22:3, 232

   22:3–11, 232

   22:27–28, 232

   23:6, 59

   23:12, 234

   23:16, 232

   23:27, 232

   24:5, 246

   24:24, 256

   26:12–18, 232

   28:23–28, 207

   apostolic feud in, 202, 211–12, 215–16, 221

   Arabian journey’s omission in, 92

   baptism variations in, 137–39

   “Christ” terminology in, 256

   chronology of, 8, 244

   council of Seventy in, 36

   historical validity of, 8–9, 68, 229–30, 254

   James’ marginalization in, 29, 30, 32

   James’ mentions in, 33–34

   Jesus’ ascension in, 89–90

   Jesus movement’s marginalization in, 32

   Luke’s attributed authorship of, 7–8

   Paul’s biographical details in, 10, 232, 234, 235

   Paul’s centrality in, 7–9, 20, 29–30, 38, 137, 227, 228, 229–30

   Paul’s conversion experience in, 94, 235

   Paul’s de-radicalization in, 139, 234

   Paul’s Judaism in, 176

   pro-Roman bias of, 31, 234

   resurrection miracles in, 56

   Acts of Paul and Thecla, The, 235–36

   Acts of Peter, 237, 265

   Adam, 13, 118–22, 165

   Christ as, 11, 14, 62, 119, 121

Against Heresies:

   1.26.2, 224

   5.2.3, 155

Ahab, 97

Alexander Severus, 89

Amen, 142, 144

Amida, 182

Ananus, 37

Andrew, 82, 208

Anthroges, 243

Antioch, 145, 213–15, 216

Apocrypha, 186, 262

Apollonius of Tyana, 88–89

Apollos, 137, 138, 139

Apology, 1.66, 155

apostles:

   baptism practices of, 135, 136–39

   catechetical understanding of, 4

   Christianity of, xvi

   Galilee return of, 31, 77–78

   Jesus’ commission to, 73, 102

   in Jesus’ kingdom of God, 13

   in Jesus movement hierarchy, 35, 245

   Jesus’ reported appearance to, 64, 78, 84

   Judaism of, 6, 25, 97, 176

   Luke’s listing of, 32, 253

   and Pauline baptism, 137–39

   Paul’s condemnation of, 218–20

   Paul’s feud with, 202, 203–26

   Paul’s independence from, 2, 3, 6, 18–19, 101, 139

   Paul’s status among, 100, 104, 105, 107, 195–99, 200–201, 216–19, 220, 224–25, 231

   Paul’s view of, 17, 18

   resurrection faith of, 12, 49

   selection of, 208, 217, 253

   see also James the brother of Jesus; Jesus movement; John; Peter

Apostles’ Creed, xv, 241

Aquila, 137

Arabia, Paul’s journey into, 92–93, 94, 96, 99–100, 253

Aretas IV, 243

art, Christian, 6, 24

Ascension of Isaiah, 94

Ascents of James, The, 36–37, 243

Augustine, 20, 39, 52, 109

Augustus, 171

baptism:

   apostolic version of, 135, 136–39

   gender neutrality in, 166, 167

   Jewish practice of, 14, 136, 142, 257

   “kiss of holiness” in, 144

   Pauline function of, 25, 128–29, 140–41

   Pauline practice of, 141–44, 257, 258

   Paul’s adaptation of, xviii, 14, 17, 129, 131, 135, 137–44, 156, 166, 167

   proxy, 141

   spiritual gifts of, 143–44

Bar Kosiba, 247

Barnabas, 33, 213, 214, 215, 216, 222

Bartchy, S. Scott, 260

Bartholomew, 251

Basilica of St. John Lateran, 204, 242

Basilica of St. Mary Major, 242

Basilica San Paolo, xix, xx, 204

Baur, Ferdinand Christian, 217–18, 227, 264

BeDuhn, Jason, 260

Benedict XVI, Pope, xx

ben Joseph, Akiva, 181

Bethsaida, 208

blood, Jewish prohibition on, 151

body:

   Hebrew view of, 52–53, 57

   Paul’s view of, 60, 65

   see also spiritual body

Bryennios, Father, 44

Cain, 192

Caligula, 171, 203

Capernaum, 208

Caracalla, 89

Cathedral Basilica of Sts. Peter and Paul, 204

celibacy, Paul’s view of, 168–69, 170–171

Celsus, 61, 88

Cerinthians, 223

Chester Beatty papyrus, 228

Chilton, Bruce, 258–59

Christ:

   competing views of, 118–19

   heavenly reign of, 24–25

   mystical union with, 14–15, 128–29, 130–56; see also baptism; Eucharist

   as new Adam, 11, 14, 62, 119, 121

   Paul as extension of, 100–107

   Paul’s initial vision of, 1, 10, 11, 18, 91, 230, 232, 243, 253

   Paul’s revelations from, 1–2, 3–4, 10, 15, 17, 18, 63, 91, 92, 94, 95, 96, 99–100, 111–12, 115, 122, 128, 133, 146, 181, 225, 230, 231, 256; see also Paul, gospel of

   Paul’s understanding of, xviii, 11, 12, 14, 16, 17, 39, 95, 96, 101, 116, 118–22, 126, 127, 128, 130, 132–35, 141, 152–53, 156, 158, 182–83, 254, 256

   spiritual body of, 11, 12, 14, 88, 115

   as Yahweh, 133–35

   see also Jesus, resurrection of

Christianity:

   academic study of, 5–6

   catechetical view of, 4–5, 23–24

   central beliefs of, xv, xviii, 72

   death in, 59

   early documents of, 3

   first written reference to, 177

   global spread of, xvii

   Greek critics of, 88

   Hellenism in, 222

   Judaism’s separation from, xviii, 5, 6, 7, 8, 24, 31, 176–78, 182, 222, 261

   Paul’s influence on, xvi, xvii–xviii, 6, 9, 20–21, 24–25, 39, 90, 133, 154–55, 156, 221, 225

   in Roman Empire, 7, 8, 24, 31, 131, 222

   Roman persecution of, 155–56, 204, 242, 262–63

   in Rome, 206–7

Christianity, before Paul, xvi, 2, 23–47

   baptism in, 135, 136–39

   Eucharist in, 15, 45–46, 145, 147–48, 154, 258

   Jesus’ status in, 25, 44, 46, 148, 223

   practices of, 25, 43, 45

   reconstruction of, 38–47

   see also Jesus movement

Christianity, Pauline:

   baptism in, 25, 128–29, 140–44, 257, 258

   central beliefs of, 11–20, 24–25, 182

   churches’ failings in, 189

   Eucharist in, 25, 129, 142, 151–56, 169

   existential conflict in, 16, 17, 157–58, 159–60, 161, 164–65, 167, 169, 170–71, 172–73, 175, 184, 190–91, 192–93, 259

   mysticism in, 131, 144, 153–54, 155–56, 256, 259

   “reverse exorcism” in, 195

   sexuality in, 160–71, 259

   socioeconomics in, 171, 172–75