Пруссы эпохи викингов: жизнь и быт общины Каупа

Именно с такой сакральной по своему смыслу спецификой скопления погребальных памятников со скандинавскими чертами в юго-восточной Балтии связан западнобалтский феномен в эпохе викингов. Торговые эмпории северян возникали здесь не только ввиду удобства водных и сухопутных подходов к поселению или к скрещению торговых путей. Для пришельцев были важны места, исторически связанные с их предками, участки балтской территории, освящённые многовековым присутствием останков их родственников.

Полностью соответствующий нормам вика торгово-ремесленное поселение возникло лишь в Truso. В Grobina и на Kaup скандинавам так и не удалось занять в этих поселениях решающие места и их деятельность протекала под строгим контролем местных властных структур. Именно западнобалтский сакральный феномен стал причиной отсутствия в Grobina и Kaup поселений с чертами, типичными для торгово-ремесленного поселения эпохи викингов. Местные объекты, связанные с торговой и ремесленной деятельностью, имели иные параметры. Торговля руками скандинавских купцов могла вообще осуществляться с судов, дабы нога чужеземца реже ступала на землю балтов.

V. Kulakov.

Westbaltic phenomenon in an era of Vikings Theses of the report

The movement of Vikings not for all regions of our continent was concussion of bases of public life. If in the western part of Europe the pressure of teams of Vikings/Normans led to bloody excesses at collision with the early feudal states of the West German world, in east part of the Baltic region arrival of northerners had mainly peaceful character and possessed lines of cultural and ethnic diffusion. It led to formation of the Baltic option of the movement of Vikings.

Emergence in sulfurs was the first fact of realization of the Baltic option of the movement of Vikings. VII century AD groups of archaeological monuments of the Scandinavian shape in vicinities modern Grobina (Latvia). Archeologists considered Grobina as the first trade and craft settlement which arose circa 650 AD under the Scandinavian influence on lands of Balts. Then there was Truso (Hansdorf/ Janow Pomorski) – circa 700 AD, and Kaup – the head of the IX century However, guarded lack of ethnocultural markers of the Scandinavian presence on the settlement of Grobina. This congestion of monuments of archeology, and also Kaup are represented by places of for a long time made burials which were used by both westbaltic Autochtons, and the Scandinavian newcomers. The third point in an area of the western Balts containing gotlandic burials of VIII–IX centuries is soil the burial ground on Moniushka St. in of Elbląg.

Jan Żak still in the sixties assumed XX century that mainly female burials on Moniushka St. belong to the remains of wives of Prussian soldiers brought about the lake of Gotland. The same phenomenon is fixed in a case with a soil burial ground of Daumen/Tumiany VII–VIII of centuries and with synchronous burial grounds in Grobina and Elbląg.

The westbaltic phenomenon in an era of Vikings is connected with such specifics of a congestion of funeral monuments, sacral on the sense, with the Scandinavian lines in southeast Baltic. Trade Emporium of northerners arose here not only in view of convenience of water and overland approaches to the settlement or to a crossroads of trade ways. The places which are historically connected with their ancestors, the sites of the Baltic territory consecrated with centuries-old presence of remains of their relatives were important for newcomers.

Completely meeting Vick’s standards the trade and craft settlement arose only in Truso. In Grobina and on Kaup Scandinavians didn’t manage to take decisive places in these settlements and their activity proceeded under strict control of local power structures. Westbaltic sacral phenomenon became the absence reason in Grobina and Kaup of settlements with the lines typical for the trade and craft settlement of an era of Vikings. The local objects connected with trade and craft activity had other parameters. Trade in hands of the Scandinavian merchants could be carried out in general from courts that the stranger’s foot set foot on land of Balts less often.