Реформация

30. Ibn Khaldun, Les Prolegomena, I, p. lxxii.

31. Lane-Poole, S., Cairo, 50.

32. Gibbons, H. A., Foundation of the Ottoman Empire, 150.

33. Froissart, J., Chronicles, iv, 90.

34. Lane-Poole, S., Story of Turkey, 97.

35. Cambridge Modern History, IV, 705.

36. Vambéry, A., Story of Hungary, 282.

37. Gibb, E. J., Ottoman Literature, 3.

38. Ibid., 209 f.

39. Browne, III, 455.

40. Jami, Mulla Nuru’ d-Din, tr. E. Fitzgerald, 69.

41. Pope, Masterpieces, 146.

42. Davis, F. H., Persian Mystics: Jami, 71.

43. Clavijo, 153.

44. Saladin, H., et Migeon, G., Manuel d’art musulmane, I, 357.

45. Cf. Pope, A. U., Survey of Persian Art, IV, 428 f.

46. Ibid., III, 1324.

47. Sykes, II, 155.

48. In Dimand, M. S., Handbook of Muhammadan Art, 42.

49. Arnold, T., and Guillaume, A., Legacy of Islam, 96.

50. Ibn Battuta, M., Travels, tr. H. A. Gibb, 148.

51. Ibid., 57.

52. Sarton, G., Introd. to the History of Science, II-2, 1100.

53. Arnold, Legacy of Islam, 340.

54. Ibn Khaldun, Prolegomènes, I, p. xxx.

55. Ibid., lxxiii.

56. Ibid., 4.

57. 71.

58. 12.

59. 67.

60. Boer, T., History of Philosophy in Islam, 203.

61. Ibid., 205.

62. De Vaux, C., Les penseurs de l’Islam, I, 288.

63. Ibn Khaldun, I, 175.

64. Ibid., 176 f.

65. 17 of.

66. Ibid., Introd., xxxii.

67. Ibid., 95.

68. Introd., xxxii.

69. Ibid., 324.

70. Ibid., III, 44.

71. I, 303.

72. I, 345; III, 300-5.

73. I, 333, 354.

74. III, 227, 233, 240.

75. III, 115-20, 184, 188; I, 218.

76. De Vaux, I, 282.

77. Ibn Khaldun, III, 249; I, 347.

78. III, 456.

79. III, 125.

80. Issawi, C., An Arab Philosophy of History, 21.

81. Toynbee, A., A Study of History, III, 321.

82. Sarton, III-2, 1770.

CHAPTER XXXI

1. Cambridge Mod. Hy, III, 112.

2. Sykes, II, 164; Browne, IV, 21.

3. Browne, IV, 62.

4. Ibid., 51.

5. Hughes, T. P., Dictionary of Islam, 572.

6. Doughty, Chas., Arabia Deserta, I, 59.

7. Sykes, II, 163.

8. Pope, A. U., Introduction to Persian Art, 224.

9. Browne, IV, 93.

10. Sykes, II, 168-9.

11. Dimand, M. S., Guide to an Exhibition of Islamic Miniature Painting, 34.

12. Pope, A. U., Catalogue of a Loan Exhibition of Early Oriental Carpets, 39.

13. Merriman, R. B., Suleiman the Magnificent, 33.

14. Ibid., 190.

15. Camb. Mod. Hy, I, 92.

16. Guicciardini, F., History of the Wars in Italy, VIII, 12; Schevill, F., History of the Balkan Peninsula, 217; Camb. Mod. Hy, I, 93.

17. Merriman, 60.

18. Ibid., 61.

19. Bury, J. B., in Camb. Mod. Hy, I, 93.

20. Merriman, 72.

21. Camb. Mod. Hy, 94-5,

22. Ibid., 95.

23. Ranke, L. von, History of the Reformation in Germany, 579.

24. Merriman, 124.

25. Ibid., 141-2.

26. Camb. Mod. Hy, III, 123.

27. Gibbons, Foundation of the Ottoman Empire, 81; Schevill, 240.

28. Schevill, 233.

29. Merriman, 171.

30. Bury in Camb. Mod. Hy, I, 101.

31. Merriman, 202.

32. Ibid., 165.

33. Camb. Mod. Hy, I, 101.

34. Creasy, E. S., History of the Ottoman Turks, 113; Merriman, 148.

35. Robertson, Wm., History of the Reign of Charles V, II, 367.

36. Schevill, 238.

37. Creasy, 109.

38. Lane-Poole, S., Saladin, 36.

39. Hitti, P. K., History of the Arabs, 19.

40. Merriman, 203.

41. Gibbons, 74; Creasy, 106.

42. Bacon, Fr., Philosophical Works, ed. Robertson, 749.

43. Creasy, 113.

44. Gibb, Ottoman Literature, 233.

45. Camb. Mod. Hy, VI, 420.

46. Creasy, 108.

47. Ibid., 109.

48. Gibb, 123-8.

49. Luther, To the Christian Nobility, in Works, II, 149.

50. Froude, J. A., The Reign of Henry VIII, II, 184n.

51. Lang, A., History of Scotland, II, 78.

52. Gibb., 218.

53. Merriman, 185-93; Robertson, Charles V. II, 365-73.

CHAPTER XXXII

1. Percy, Thos., Reliques of Ancient English Poetry, II, 116; Jewish Encyc., XII, 462.

2. Marcus, J., The Jew in the Medieval World, 395-7.

3. Graetz, H., History of the Jews, IV, 272.

4. Erasmus, Letter to Capito, March 13, 1518.

5. Graetz, IV, 296-9; Abbott, G. F., Israel in Europe, 198-9.

6. Abbott, 203.

7. Baron, Salo, Social and Religious History of the Jews, II, 58 f.

8. Sarton, Introduction to the History of Science, III–I, 57.

9. Graetz, IV, 220.

10. Ibid., 407.

11. Pastor, L., History of the Popes, VIII, 444.

12. Id., X, 372.

13. Roth, C., in Finkelstein, L., ed., The Jews, 239.

14. Waxman, M., History of Jewish Literature, II, 66.

15. Roth, C., The Jewish Contribution to Civilization, 92.

16. Thompson, J. W., Economic and Social History of Europe in the Later Middle Ages, 30.

17. Newman, L. J., Jewish Influence in Christian Reform Movements, 436-50.

18. Dubnow, S. M., History of the Jews in Russia and Poland, I, 61.

19. Ibid., 85-7.

20. Abrahams, Israel, Jewish Life in the Middle Ages, 403.

21. Newman, 483.

22. Ibid., 473.

23. Graetz, IV, 549-51.

24. Finkelstein, 241.

25. Coulton, G. G., Medieval Panorama, 185.

26. Sarton, III-2, 1059.

27. Coulton, G. G., From St. Francis to Dante, no.

28. Janssen, J., History of the German People at the Close of the Middle Ages, II, 73.

29. Roth, Jewish Contribution, 25.

30. Graetz, IV, 286.

31. Ibid., 245.

32. Cf. e.g., Coulton, Life in the Middle Ages, II, 147.

33. Graetz, IV, 253.

34. Ibid., 55-7; Baron, II, 29.

35. Monmarché, M., ed., Châteaux of the Loire, 190.

36. Graetz, IV, 98.

37. Lea, Inquisition in Spain, I, 101; Abbott, 103; Graetz, 103.