The Glass Cage

Глава шестая. Мир и экран

1. William Edward Parry. Journal of a Second Voyage for the Discovery of a North-West Passage from the Atlantic to the Pacific. London: John Murray, 1824. Р. 277.

2. Claudio Aporta and Eric Higgs. Satellite Culture: Global Positioning Systems, Inuit Wayfinding, and the Need for a New Account of Technology // Current Anthropology 46, 2005. № 5. Р. 729–753.

3. Интервью Клаудио Апорты автору от 25 января 2012 года.

4. Gilly Leshed et al. In-Car GPS Navigation: Engagement with and Disengagement from the Environment. В книге: Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. N. Y.: ACM, 2008. Р. 1675–1684.

5. David Brooks. The Outsourced Brain // New York Times, 2007. October 26.

6. Julia Frankenstein et al. Is the Map in Our Head Oriented North? // Psychological Science 23. 2012. № 2. Р. 120–125.

7. Julia Frankenstein. Is GPS All in Our Heads? // New York Times, 2012. February 2.

8. Gary E. Burnett and Kate Lee. The Effect of Vehicle Navigation Systems on the Formation of Cognitive Maps. В книге: Traffic and Transport Psychology: Theory and Application / Ed. Geoffrey Underwood. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2005. Р. 407–418.

9. Elliot P. Fenech et al. The Effects of Acoustic Turn-by-Turn Navigation on Wayfinding // Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 54, 2010. № 23. Р. 1926–1930.

10. Toru Ishikawa et al. Wayfinding with a GPS-Based Mobile Navigation System: A Comparison with Maps and Direct Experience // Journal of Environmental Psychology 28, 2008. № 1. Р. 74–82; Stefan Mьnzer et al. Computer-Assisted Navigation and the Acquisition of Route and Survey Knowledge // Journal of Environmental Psychology 26, 2006. № 4. Р. 300–308.

11. Sara Hendren. The White Cane as Technology // Atlantic, 2013. November 6. UPL:theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2013/11/the-white-caneas-technology/281167/.

12. Tim Ingold. Being Alive: Essays on Movement, Knowledge and Description. London: Routledge, 2011. Р. 149–152.

13. Цитируется по статье: James Fallows. The Places You’ll Go // Atlantic, 2013. January/February.

14. Ari N. Schulman. GPS and the End of the Road // New Atlantis, 2011. Spring.

15. John O’Keefe and Jonathan Dostrovsky. The Hippocampus as a Spatial Map: Preliminary Evidence from Unit Activity in the Freely-Moving Rat // Brain Research 34, 1971. Р. 171–175.

16. John O’Keefe. A Review of the Hippocampal Place Cells // Progress in Neurobiology 13, 2009. № 4. Р. 419–439.

17. Edvard I. Moser et al. Place Cells, Grid Cells, and the Brain’s Spatial Representation System // Annual Review of Neuroscience 31, 2008. Р. 69–89.

18. См. Christian F. Doeller et al. Evidence for Grid Cells in a Human Memory Network // Nature 463, 2010. Р. 657–661; Nathaniel J. Killian et al. A Map of Visual Space in the Primate Entorhinal Cortex // Nature 491, 2012. Р. 761–764; Joshua Jacobs et al. Direct Recordings of Grid-Like Neuronal Activity in Human Spatial Navigation // Nature Neuroscience, 2013. August 4. UPL:nature.com/neuro/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/nn.3466.html.

19. James Gorman. A Sense of Where You Are // New York Times, 2013. April 30.

20. Gy"orgy Buzs'aki and Edvard I. Moser. Memory, Navigation and Theta Rhythm in the Hippocampal-Entorhinal System // Nature Neuroscience 16, 2013. № 2. Р. 130–138. См. также: Neil Burgess et al. Memory for Events and Their Spatial Context: Models and Experiments. В книге: Episodic Memory: New Directions in Research / Eds. Alan Baddeley et al. N. Y.: Oxford University Press, 2002. Р. 249–268. Представляется примечательным, что одна из самых мощных мнемонических методик, разработанная еще в античную эпоху, предусматривает ассоциацию ментальных образов событий или фактов с определенными местами в доме или в городе. Запоминание фактов облегчается, если их связывают с конкретными местами даже в воображении.

21. См., например: Jan M. Wiener et al. Maladaptive Bias for Extrahippocampal Navigation Strategies in Aging Humans // Journal of Neuroscience 33, 2013. № 14. Р. 6012–6017.

22. См., например: A. T. Du et al. Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Entorhinal Cortex and Hippocampus in Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer’s Disease // Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry 71, 2001. Р. 441–447.