The Hero with a Thousand Faces

[32] Standish H. O’Grady, Silva Gadelica (London: Williams and Norgate, 1892), vol. II, pp. 370–72. Variant versions will be found in Chaucer’s Canterbury Tales, “The Tale of the Wyf of Bathe”; in Gower’s Tale of Florent; in the mid-fifteenth-century poem, The Weddynge of Sir Gawen and Dame Ragnell; and in the seventeenth-century ballad, The Marriage of Sir Gawaine. See W.F. Bryan and Germaine Dempster, Sources and Analogues of Chaucer’s Canterbury Tales (Chicago, 1941).

[33] Guido Guinicelli di Magnano (1230–75?), “Of the Gentle Heart,” translation by Dante Gabriel Rossetti, Dante and His Circle (London: Ellis and White, edition of 1874), p. 291.

[34] Antiphons for the Feast of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary (August 15), at Vespers: from the Roman Missal.

[35] Hamlet, Act I, scene ii, ll. 129–37.

[36] Sophocles, Oedipus Coloneus, 1615–17.

[37] Shankaracharya, Vivekachudamani, pp. 396 and 414, translated by Swami Madhavananda (Mayavati, 1932).

[38] Jacobus de Voragine, The Golden Legend, LXXVI, “Saint Petronilla, Virgin.” (Compare the tale of Daphne, pp. 50–51.) The later Church, unwilling to think of St. Peter as having begotten a child, speaks of Petronilla as his ward.

[39] Ibid., CXVII.

[40] Gustave Flaubert, La tentation de Saint Antoine (La reine de Saba).

[41] Cotton Mather, Wonders of the Invisible World (Boston, 1693), p. 63.

[42] Jonathan Edwards, Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God (Boston, 1742).

[43] Coomaraswamy, The Dance of Siva (New York, 1917), pp. 56–66.

[44] Zimmer, Myths and Symbols in Indian Art and Civilization, pp. 151–75.

[45] The brahminical thread is a cotton thread worn by the members of the three upper castes (the so-called twice-born) of India. It is passed over the head and right arm, so that it rests on the left shoulder and runs across the body (chest and back) to the right hip. This symbolizes the second birth of the twice-born, the thread itself representing the threshold, or sun door, so that the twice-born is dwelling at once in time and eternity.

[46] For a discussion of this syllable, see below.

[47] Matthews, op cit., pp. 110–13.

[48] Ovid, Metamorphoses, II (adapted from Miller: Loeb Library).

[49] Kimmins, op cit., p. 22.

[50] Wood, op cit., pp. 218–19.

[51] W. Lloyd Warner, A Black Civilization (New York and London: Harper and Brothers, 1937), pp. 260–85.

[52] Géza Róheim, The Eternal Ones of the Dream, pp. 72–73.

[53] Koran, 4:116, 4:117.

[54] Sir Baldwin Spencer and F.J. Gillen, The Arunta (London: Macmillan and Co., 1927), vol. I, pp. 201–3.

[55] Róheim, The Eternal Ones of the Dream, pp. 49 ff.

[56] Ibid., p. 75.

[57] Ibid., p. 227, citing R. and C. Berndt, “A Preliminary Report of Field Work in the Ooldea Region, Western South Australia,” Oceania XII (1942), p. 323.

[58] Róheim, The Eternal Ones of the Dream, pp. 227–28, citing D. Bates, The Passing of the Aborigines (1939), pp. 41–43.

[59] Róheim, The Eternal Ones of the Dream, p. 231.

[60] R.H. Mathews, “The Walloonggura Ceremony,” Queensland Geographical Journal, N. S., XV (1899–1900), p. 70; cited by Róheim, The Eternal Ones of the Dream, p. 232.

[61] K. Langloh Parker, The Euahlayi Tribe, 1905, pp. 72–73; cited by Róheim, The Eternal Ones of the Dream, p. 232.

[62] John Layard, Stone Men of Malekula (London: Chatto and Windus, 1942).

[63] W.F.J. Knight, in his Cumaean Gates (Oxford: B. Blackwell, 1936).

[64] W.J. Perry, The Children of the Sun (New York: E. P. Dutton and Co., 1923).

[65] Jane Harrison, Themis: A Study of the Social Origins of Greek Religion (2nd revised edition; Cambridge University Press, 1927).

[66] [This was a question to which Campbell would return a number of times, most notably in “Mythogenesis,” an essay published in The Flight of the Wild Gander (third edition; Novato, CA: New World Library, 2001) — Ed.]

[67] Euripides, The Bacchae, 526 f.

[68] Aeschylus, Figure 57 (Nauck); cited by Jane Harrison (Themis, p. 61) in her discussion of the role of the bull-roarer in classical and Australian rites of initiation. For an introduction to the subject of the bull-roarer, see Andrew Lang, Custom and Myth (2nd revised edition; London: Longmans, Green, and Co., 1885), pp. 29­–44.