The Historians' History of the World 02

(166-142

B.C.

)

147

Independence,

156

.

CHAPTER XI

From the Maccabees to the Romans

(135-4

B.C.

)

159

The warring sects,

160

. Antipater,

163

. Herod,

164

.

CHAPTER XII

The Rise of Christianity

(4

B.C.

-62

A.D.

)

168

A critical view of Christ and other messiahs,

168

. The development of the messianic idea,

169

.

CHAPTER XIII

The Revolt against Rome

(62-68

A.D.

)

177

The defence of Jotapata described by Josephus,

180

.

CHAPTER XIV

The Fall of Jerusalem

(68-73

A.D.

)

190

Josephus’ account of the famine,

193

. The close of Jewish history,

199

.

CHAPTER XV

Hebrew Civilisation

203

The life and customs of the Israelites,

205

. Hebrew art, architecture: the temple tombs, etc.,

209

.

CHAPTER XVI

The Prophets and the History of Semitic Style.

By Dr. D. H. Müller

213

Brief Reference-List of Authorities by Chapters

227

A General Bibliography of the History of Israel

229

PART V. PHŒNICIA

Introductory Essay. Individuality of Phœnician History, and Origin of the Name.

By Richard Pietschmann

243

Phœnician History in Outline

(3800

B.C.

-1516

A.D.

)

246

Carthaginian History in Outline

(813

B.C.

-697

A.D.

)

251

CHAPTER I

Land and People

255

Origin of the Phœnicians,

259

.

CHAPTER II

Early History and Influences

263

Beginnings of the history and civilisation of Phœnicia,

263

. The colonies,

270

. Voyages and trading-stations,

274

.

CHAPTER III

The Phœnician Time of Power

(980-532

B.C.

)

279

The reign of Hiram I,

279

. The successors of Hiram,

283

.

CHAPTER IV

Phœnicia under the Persians

(525-323

B.C.

)

289

CHAPTER V

Phœnicia under the Greeks, the Romans, and the Saracens

(301

B.C.

-1516

A.D.

)

301

CHAPTER VI

The Story of Carthage

(813

B.C.

-697

A.D.

)

308

The site and early history of Carthage,

310

. Mommsen’s account of Carthage,

312

. War in Sicily between Rome and Carthage,

319

. Rome and Carthage,

321

. Last days of Carthage,

325

.

CHAPTER VII

Phœnician Commerce

329

Sea trade,

330

. Manufactures and land trade of the Phœnicians,

334

. Silver and gold in antiquity as money,

339

. The slave trade of Phœnicia,

342

.

CHAPTER VIII

Phœnician Civilisation

346

The Phœnicians and the alphabet,

347

. Manners and customs; religion,

348

. Culture; art,

352

. The Phœnician influence on history,

353

.

APPENDIX A

Classical Traditions

356

“The voyage of Hanno, beyond the pillars of Hercules, which he deposited in the temple of Saturn,”

356

. Himilco’s voyage of discovery,

358

. Pomponius Mela on the Phœnicians,

359

. Appianus Alexandrinus on the founding of Carthage by Dido,

360

.

Brief Reference-List of Authorities by Chapters

361

A General Bibliography of Phœnician History

363

PART VI. WESTERN ASIA

Introductory Essay. The Position of Asia Minor in History.

By William J. Hamilton

373

History in Outline of the Minor Kingdoms of Western Asia

(1528-546

B.C.

)

380

CHAPTER I

The Hittites

391

Recent Hittite research,

393

. The Hittites and the Egyptians,

394

. The Hittites

and the Hebrews,

395

. Hittite art,

396

. Hittite monuments in Asia Minor,

397

.

CHAPTER II

Scythians and Cimmerians

400

The Scythians,

400

. Scythian influences in Asia Minor,

400

. Scythian movements,

401

. Herodotus on the customs of the Scythians,

404

. The Cimmerians,

410

.

CHAPTER III

Some Peoples of Syria, Asia Minor, and Armenia

413

The Aramæans,

413

. Phrygia,

413

. The Cappadocians,

415

. The Cilicians,

416

. Pamphylia and Pisidia,

416

. The Carians,

417

. The Lycians,

417

. The Mysians,

419

. The Bithynians and the Paphlagonians,

419

. Armenia,

420

.

CHAPTER IV

The Lydians

421

The land,

422

. The people,

423

. Sardis and the name of Asia,

424

. Early history of Lydia,

426

. Ardys,

427

. Early dynasties,

429

. Gyges,

430

. The triumph of Persia,

431

. Lydian civilisation,

433

. A picture of life in Lydia,

434

.

APPENDIX A

Classical Traditions

438

Justin’s account of the Scythians and the Amazons,

438

. Pomponius Mela on the Scythians and other tribes,

441

. Diodorus on the Amazons and the Hyperboreans,

444

. Herodotus on the legendary Gyges,

446

. The story of Crœsus as told by Herodotus,

448

. Crœsus and Solon,

449

. The vision of Crœsus,

451

. Crœsus loses his son,

453

. Crœsus consults the oracles,

454

. The reply of the oracles,

455

. Crœsus makes an alliance with Sparta,

456

. Crœsus invades Cappadocia,

457

. Crœsus in conflict with Cyrus,

458

. The siege of Sardis,

460

. The fate of Crœsus,

460

.

Brief Reference-List of Authorities by Chapters

464

A General Bibliography of the History of the Minor Nations of Western Asia

465

PART VII. ANCIENT INDIA

Indian History in Outline

(2000

B.C.

-1556

A.D.

)

475

Græco-Bactrian dominion in the Indus region,

480

.

CHAPTER I

Land and People

482

The land,

484

. The early peoples of India,

488

.

CHAPTER II

Indian History—Legend and Reality

493

Chronology and ancient history of the Hindus,

493

. The authority of the Vedas,

496

. Monumental records,

496

. Legends of the early heroes,

498

. An inscription of Asoka,

499

. Traditional kings,

500

. Brahmanic learning,

501

. The epochs of Indian history,

502

. Vedic period,

503

. The Buddhist period,

503

. Chandra Gupta,

504

. Twelve centuries of obscurity,

505

.

CHAPTER III

Manners and Customs of the Ancient Hindus

508

Division and employment of classes,

508

. The property of the Brahman,

510

. The despised Sudra,

511

. Mixture of classes,

513

. The administration of justice,

515

. Criminal law,

516

. Civil law,

517

. Hindu commerce,

519