The Rise of Athens

kingdom without a successor There was another son, Philip Arridhaeus, but he had learning difficulties.

lavish celebrations to mark the dynastic marriage Green, Alex, pp. 102–10, for a detailed account of Philip’s assassination.

“suitable for a god” Diod 16 92 5.

Olympias’s behavior after the event Justin 9 7 1. This may be a distortion or, even, an invention.

a crown for Pausanias Plut Dem 22 1–2.

“a terrible warning” Arr 1 9 10.

“If Alexander has really died” Plut Phoc 22 5.

“but with greater honor” Plut Dem 27 5.

Wherever he went Demosthenes knew For the death of Demosthenes, see ibid., 29–30, and Plut Ten Or 846d–e 847a–b.

“I was never convinced by your acting” Plut Dem 29 2.

a contentious and divisive figure Polyb 18 14 1.

“No, you were not wrong, men of Athens” Dem 18 208.

23. AFTERWORD—“A GOD-FORSAKEN HOLE”

The main sources are Plutarch’s life of Alexander and Waterfield’s Athens.

Xerxes had seen his invasion Herod 7 42 2–43 2.

Almost the first thing Alexander did For the visit to Troy, the main account can be found at Arr 1 11 7–12 1. Also Plut Alex 15 4.

Alexander tied him to his chariot Curt 4 6 26–29.

just as Achilles had done Hom Il 22 395–404.

“What advantage shall I have over other men” Plut Alex 7 4.

“Through a wise and salutary neglect” Edmund Burke, Speech on Conciliation with America 1775.

Athens was reduced These impressionistic paragraphs describing the city’s decline are indebted to Waterfield, pp. 279–314.

“How often will the glory of your ancestors” App 2 13 88.

“You cannot look upon Athens” Waterfield, p. 314. Michael of Chonae, Letters 8.

“We are all Greeks” Waterfield, p. 340.

SOURCES

“a possession for all time” Thuc 1 22.

BY ANTHONY EVERITT

Augustus

Cicero

Hadrian and the Triumph of Rome

The Rise of Rome

The Rise of Athens

ABOUT THE AUTHOR

ANTHONY EVERITT, formerly a visiting professor in the visual and performing arts at Nottingham Trent University, has written extensively on European culture and is the author of

Cicero, Augustus, Hadrian and the Triumph of Rome,

and

The Rise of Rome.

He has served as secretary general of the Arts Council of Great Britain. Everitt lives near Colchester, England’s first recorded town, founded by the Romans.

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