Tolstoy

Nagornova, Varvara Valerianovna (Varya née Tolstaya T’s niece) 93, 141, 206, 268, 316

Nakhimov, Admiral 115

Naples 142

Napoleon Bonaparte 13, 19, 20, 57, 62–3, 69, 70, 94, 100, 132–3, 165, 167, 171, 172, 266, 275

Napoleonic Wars 166

Naryshkin, Alexander 221

Naryshkin, Semyon Kirillovich 26

Naryshkina, Nadezhda 220–21

Nastasina, Pelageya Ivanovna (‘Pashenka’

Alexandra Ilyinichna’s ward) 32, 38, 41, 43, 60

nationalism 249

Nazis 444

Nekrasov, Nikolay 105, 106, 107, 109, 111, 115, 120, 123, 126, 128, 132, 135, 137

Neva (ship) 49

New Economic Policy (NEP) 432, 434

New Polyana 420

New Testament in modern Russian 271–2, 292

New Times (newspaper) 248, 249, 330, 391

New York Evening Post 338

Nicholas I, Tsar of Russia 13, 46, 62, 75, 79, 85, 86, 91, 92, 108, 109, 111, 112, 122, 136, 137, 151, 155, 165, 213, 215, 220, 266, 267, 270, 355, 395–6

Nicholas II, Tsar of Russia 6, 126, 326, 349, 365, 368, 376, 386, 387, 391, 391, 392, 395, 396, 398, 399, 401, 419, 421

‘Nief, Monsieur’ see Montels, Vicomte Jules

Nietzsche, Friedrich 184

Nietzschean philosophy 389

nihilism, nihilists 144, 147, 219, 235, 259, 265, 272

Nikolay Filippovich (Yasnaya Polyana coachman) 45

Nikolskoye-Vyazemskoye estate, Tula province 38, 82, 144, 161, 234, 331

Nikon, Father 278

Nikon, Patriarch 270

XIXe Siecle, Le (newspaper) 178

Nizhny Novgorod 69, 94, 208, 210, 337

Nobel Prizes 410–11

nobility see aristocracy

Non-resistance (journal) 341

Nord, Le (Russian government’s French-language journal) 115

Nordman, Natalya Borisovna 350

Norman, Sir Henry 2

Northern Messenger (journal) 357

Notes of the Fatherland (journal) 131, 200, 234–5

Novikov, Mikhail 448

Novodevichy Convent and Cemetery, Moscow 323

Novokuznetsk (later Stalinsk) 448–9

Novospassky Monastery, Moscow 428

Novy mir (literary journal) 451

numerology 34, 251

O

Obolenskaya, Elizaveta Valerianovna (Lizanée Tolstaya T’s niece) 93, 141, 206, 268, 366

Obolenskaya, Maria Lvovna (Masha

née Tolstaya

T’s daughter) 314, 325

birth 185, 187, 189

appearance 202, 403

education 234

Biryukov tries to marry her 315, 326

T’s favourite 326, 366, 404

T relies on her for assistance and moral support 326, 366

temporarily renounces her share of T’s property 331, 366

famine relief 336, 339, 340

involvement in Tolstoyan movement 356–7

marries Nikolay Obolensky 366

miscarriage 389

death 404

Obolensky, Dmitry Dmitrievich 85

Obolensky, Leonid Dmitrievich 206

Obolensky, Nikolay Leonidovich (T’s son-in-law) 366, 403

Odessa 103, 110, 401

Oka river 69

Okhotnitskaya, Natalya Petrovna (Toinette’s companion) 88, 152, 205, 206, 233

Old Believers 167, 269, 270, 271, 276, 278, 290–91, 336–7, 385, 448

Old Testament 302

Olteniţa, Wallachia 108

Optina Pustyn Monastery, Kaluga province 253–7, 258, 280, 281, 289–90, 328, 384, 393–4, 412, 413

Orekhanov, Father Georgy 454

Orekhov, Alexey Stepanovich (Alyoshka T’s servant) 99, 147, 155, 205

Orekhova, Avdotya (Dunyasha

née Bannikova) 205

Orenburg 208, 211, 266

Orlov-Chesmensky, Count 94

Orsett House, Westbourne Terrace, London 142

Oryol 30, 123, 124, 274

Osten-Sacken, Alexandra Ilyinichna von (‘Aline’

née Tolstaya

T’s aunt) 32, 41–2, 47, 58, 59, 60, 64, 66, 67, 70, 71, 116, 254

Osten-Sacken, Karl von 41

Osterman, Lev 442

Srazhenie za Tolstogo (The Battle for Tolstoy) 443

Ostrovsky, Alexander Nikolayevich 125, 126, 136

background 126

under police surveillance 126, 127

on expedition down the Volga 126–7

Bankruptcy 126

Don’t Get Into Someone Else’s Sleigh 126

Ottoman Empire 99, 108, 247, 248, 270, 355

Our Lady of Kazan, icon of 69–70

Ovid: Metamorphoses (trans. Pyotr Andreyevich Tolstoy) 15

P

pacifism

T’s teachings compared with those of Sheikh Kunta Khadji 7

T’s philosophy revered by Gandhi, Wittgenstein and Martin Luther King 8

T dates horror of violence to being locked up by tutor 59

first strong expression of T’s views on the futility of war 115–16

T’s experience in Crimean War turns him into a pacifist 247

Levin’s declared unwillingness to kill 249

T’s ideas start to make an impact 317–18

T promotes a life on non-violence in harmony with the land 321

T’s treatise on non-violence 333, 340–44

Khilkov becomes a pronounced pacifist 352

Drozhzhin’s death 353–4

Dukhobors 356, 364

Škarvan’s imprisonment 363

Wagner’s and T’s pacifism 374

Lenin condemns T’s philosophy 409

Pale of Settlement 418

Palmerston, Lord 142

Pan-Slavists 246, 247, 248

Panayeva, Advotya 126

Panayev, Ivan (Nekrasov’s co-editor) 116, 126, 132

Panina, Countess 394, 395

Paperno, Irina 9

Paris

and the Decembrists 165, 275

T in 132–3, 142

emigré community 430

Paris Commune (1871) 265

Pashkov, Colonel Vasily 272, 307, 315, 410

Pashkov House, Moscow (later Rumyantsev Museum) 167, 425–6

‘Pashkovites’ 272, 291

Paskevich, Princess Irina (née VorontsovaDashkova) 178

Paskevich, Field Marshal Ivan 100, 109

Pasternak, Leonid 377

Paul I, Tsar of Russia 23–4

Pavlovsk 129

peasantry

T’s attitude towards 3, 21, 61, 78, 262

T’s peasant dress 4, 5, 11, 12, 147, 207, 302