В поисках энергии. Ресурсные войны, новые технологии и будущее энергетики

8. Interview with Jos'e Goldemberg; Frederick Johnson, “Sugar in Brazil: Policy and Production,” The Journal of Developing Areas 17, no. 2 (1983), pp. 243–56 (prices collapsed); William S. Saint, “Farming for Energy: Social Options under Brazil’s National Alcohol Programme,” World Development 10, no. 3 (1982), pp. 223–38 (“wartime economy”); Werner Baer and Claudio Paiva, “Brazil,” in The Political Economy of Latin America in the Postwar Period, ed. Laura Randall (Austin: University of Texas Press, 1997), pp. 70–110 (no prospects); Marc Weidenmier, Joseph Davis, and Roger Aliaga-Diaz, “Is Sugar Sweeter at the Pump? The Macroeconomic Impact of Brazil’s Alternative Energy Program,” National Bureau of Economic Research, Working Paper No. 14362, October 2008; U. S. Congress, House of Representatives, Committee on Science and Technology, Subcommittee on Energy Development and Applications, 96th Congress, Venezuela and Brazil Visit – January 13–20, 1980 (Washington, DC: GPO), January 1980.

9. Interview with Jos'e Goldemberg; Jos'e Goldemberg, “Ethanol for a Sustainable Energy Future,” Science 315, no. 5813 (2007), pp. 808–10; UNICA Sugarcane Industry Association Web site, at(flexfuel).

10. The sometimes intense debate about the energy balance for ethanol has been going on since the late 1970s. John Deutch, Energy Policy in Crisis: The Godkin Lecture (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2011), ch. 5.

11. Corn Farmers Coalition, “Factbook,” atU. S Department of Agriculture Economic Research Service, “U. S. Domestic Corn Use,” at http://www.ers.usda.gov/Briefing/Corn/Gallery/Background/CornUseTable.html.

12. Interview with Georgina Kessel Mart'inez; Washington Post, January 27, 2007.

13. International Energy Agency, Technology Roadmap: Biofuels for Transportation (Paris: OECD/IEA, 2011), pp. 16–20.

14. Bernton, Kovarik, and Sklar, The Forbidden Fuel, pp. 74–75 (Leo Spano); Washington Post, Outlook, “Some Trash Can Be Really Sweet,” November 11, 1975, p. 1011 (“lowly fungi”); Norm Augustine to author (“quantum leap”).

15. Nightline, ABC, aired January 23, 2007 (Bransby); Bush, State of the Union Address, January 31, 2006.

16. Government of Canada, “Iogen – Canada’s New Alchemists,” Innovation in Canada Series, February 15, 2005.

17. Tiffany Groode, “Breaking through the Wall: Identifying the Main Barriers to Increasing Biofuels Production,” IHS CERA, 2009 (“daunting logistics,” “local nature”); Paul A. Willems, “The Biofuels Landscape: Through the Lens of Industrial Chemistry,” Science 325, no. 5941 (2009), pp. 707–10.

18. Interview with Richard Hamilton; Newsweek, October 27, 1980.

19. Interview with Steven Koonin.

Глава 33. Внутреннее сгорание

1. William Adams Simonds, Edison: His Life, His Work, His Genius (Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill, 1934), pp. 273–75; Douglas Brinkley, Wheels for the World: Henry Ford, His Company, and a Century of Progress (New York: Viking, 2003), pp. 25–26; Henry Ford (with Samuel Crowther), Edison as I Knew Him (New York, Cosmopolitan, 1930), pp. 1–12.

2. David A. Kirsch, The Electric Vehicle and the Burden of History (New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press: 2000), p. 1 (“five different methods”).

3. C. Lyle Cummins, Internal Fire: The Internal Combustion Engine, 1673–1900 (Wilsonville, OR: Carnot Press, 1976); David Landes, The Unbound Prometheus: Technological Change and Industrial Development in Western Europe, from 1750 to Present, 2nd ed. (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2003), p. 102 (“within reach”); “The Lotus Leaf: Evolution and Standardization of the Automobile Source,” Lotus Magazine 7, no. 4 (1916), pp. 183–92 (Cugnot).

4. Cummins, Internal Fire, pp. 138–72.

5. Chicago Tribune, August 8, 1892 (“a wagon propelled”); James Flink, The Automobile Age (Cambridge: Massachusetts Institute of Technology Press, 1990), p. 2 (Red Flag Act).

6. Flink, The Automobile Age, p. 13.

7. Brinkley, Wheels for the World, p. 32; Akron Beacon Journal, June 20, 1999 (first police car); Carl Sulzberger, “An Early Road Warrior: Electric Vehicles in the Early Years of the Automobile,” IEEE Power and Energy Magazine 2, no. 3 (2004), pp. 66–71.