В поисках энергии. Ресурсные войны, новые технологии и будущее энергетики

7. The New York Times, November 7, 2005 (“good old-fashioned”); “President Bush and President Lula Discuss Biofuel Technology,” White House, March 9, 2007 (“truly obsessed,” “couldn’t have lunch”); George W. Bush, State of the Union Address, January 31, 2006 (“addicted to oil”); “Bush, da Silva Deliver Joint Remarks,” CNN, November 6, 2005; Wall Street Journal, August 9, 2006 (“kind of startled”).

8. Interview with José Goldemberg; Frederick Johnson, “Sugar in Brazil: Policy and Production,” The Journal of Developing Areas 17, no. 2 (1983), pp. 243–56 (prices collapsed); William S. Saint, “Farming for Energy: Social Options under Brazil’s National Alcohol Programme,” World Development 10, no. 3 (1982), pp. 223–38 (“wartime economy”); Werner Baer and Claudio Paiva, “Brazil,” in The Political Economy of Latin America in the Postwar Period, ed. Laura Randall (Austin: University of Texas Press, 1997), pp. 70–110 (no prospects); Marc Weidenmier, Joseph Davis, and Roger Aliaga-Diaz, “Is Sugar Sweeter at the Pump? The Macroeconomic Impact of Brazil’s Alternative Energy Program,” National Bureau of Economic Research, Working Paper No. 14362, October 2008; U. S. Congress, House of Representatives, Committee on Science and Technology, Subcommittee on Energy Development and Applications, 96th Congress, Venezuela and Brazil Visit – January 13–20, 1980 (Washington, DC: GPO), January 1980.

9. Interview with José Goldemberg; José Goldemberg, “Ethanol for a Sustainable Energy Future,” Science 315, no. 5813 (2007), pp. 808–10; UNICA Sugarcane Industry Association Web site, at http://english.unica.com.br/dadosCotacao/estatistica/ (flexfuel).

10. The sometimes intense debate about the energy balance for ethanol has been going on since the late 1970s. John Deutch, Energy Policy in Crisis: The Godkin Lecture (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2011), ch. 5.

11. Corn Farmers Coalition, “Factbook,” at http://www.cornfarmerscoalition.org/fact-book/; U. S Department of Agriculture Economic Research Service, “U. S. Domestic Corn Use,” at http://www.ers.usda.gov/Briefing/Corn/Gallery/Background/CornUseTable.html.

12. Interview with Georgina Kessel Martínez; Washington Post, January 27, 2007.

13. International Energy Agency, Technology Roadmap: Biofuels for Transportation (Paris: OECD/IEA, 2011), pp. 16–20.

14. Bernton, Kovarik, and Sklar, The Forbidden Fuel, pp. 74–75 (Leo Spano); Washington Post, Outlook, “Some Trash Can Be Really Sweet,” November 11, 1975, p. 1011 (“lowly fungi”); Norm Augustine to author (“quantum leap”).

15. Nightline, ABC, aired January 23, 2007 (Bransby); Bush, State of the Union Address, January 31, 2006.

16. Government of Canada, “Iogen – Canada’s New Alchemists,” Innovation in Canada Series, February 15, 2005.

17. Tiffany Groode, “Breaking through the Wall: Identifying the Main Barriers to Increasing Biofuels Production,” IHS CERA, 2009 (“daunting logistics,” “local nature”); Paul A. Willems, “The Biofuels Landscape: Through the Lens of Industrial Chemistry,” Science 325, no. 5941 (2009), pp. 707–10.

18. Interview with Richard Hamilton; Newsweek, October 27, 1980.

19. Interview with Steven Koonin.

Глава 33. Внутреннее сгорание

1. William Adams Simonds, Edison: His Life, His Work, His Genius (Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill, 1934), pp. 273–75; Douglas Brinkley, Wheels for the World: Henry Ford, His Company, and a Century of Progress (New York: Viking, 2003), pp. 25–26; Henry Ford (with Samuel Crowther), Edison as I Knew Him (New York, Cosmopolitan, 1930), pp. 1–12.

2. David A. Kirsch, The Electric Vehicle and the Burden of History (New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press: 2000), p. 1 (“five different methods”).

3. C. Lyle Cummins, Internal Fire: The Internal Combustion Engine, 1673–1900 (Wilsonville, OR: Carnot Press, 1976); David Landes, The Unbound Prometheus: Technological Change and Industrial Development in Western Europe, from 1750 to Present, 2nd ed. (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2003), p. 102 (“within reach”); “The Lotus Leaf: Evolution and Standardization of the Automobile Source,” Lotus Magazine 7, no. 4 (1916), pp. 183–92 (Cugnot).

4. Cummins, Internal Fire, pp. 138–72.