Век Вольтера

35. Huxley, T. H., Science and Education, 23.

36. In Willey, Eighteenth-Century Background, 177.

37. Priestley, Jos., Essay on the First Principles of Government, in Willey, 195.

38. Priestley, History of the Corruptions of Christianity, in Willey, 170.

39. Essay on the First Principles of Government, in Huxley, 27.

40. Ibid., in Willey, 197.

41. Schuster, M. Lincoln, Treasury of the World’s Great Letters, 187.

42. French, S. J., 215.

43. Dakin, Turgot and the Ancien Régime in France, 166.

44. Moore, 49.

45. McKie, Antoine Lavoisier, 225.

46. Ibid., 293.

47. 325.

48. 319.

49. 412 f.

50. 404.

51. 407.

52. French, 267.

53. Williams, III, 11.

54. Langer, W. L., Encyclopedia of World History, 435.

55. Berry, Short History of Astronomy, 325.

56. Burney, Fanny, Diary, 161 (Dec. 30, 1786).

57. Williams, III, 21.

58. Enc. Brit., XI, 520d.

59. Bertrand, D’Alembert, 45.

60. Martin, H., XV, 397.

61. Bell, Men of Mathematics, 173.

62. Ibid.

63. 172.

64. Laplace, Système du monde, V, vi, in Berry, 322.

65. Laplace, Théorie analytique des probabilités, preface, in Nagel, Structure of Science, 282.

66. Quoted by Cajori in Newton, Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy, 677.

67. Sedgwick and Tyler, Short History of Science, 332.

68. Mousnier and Labrousse, Dix-huitième Siècle, 31.

69. In Bell, 182.

70. Berry, 307.

71. Wolf, 299.

72. Buffon, Oeuvres, IX, 455.

73. Ibid., 388.

74. XI, 454.

75. Sainte-Beuve, Portraits of the 18th Century, II, 269.

76. Buffon, Oeuvres, IX, 454.

77. Trattner, Architects of Ideas, 66.

78. Gourlie, Prince of Botanists: Carl Linnaeus, 3.

79. Ibid., 34.

80. In Hazard, European Thought in the 18th Century, 354.

81. Locy, Biology and Its Makers, 122.

82. Sainte-Beuve, II, 263.

83. Lecky, History of… Rationalism, II, 16.

84. Osborn, H. F., From the Greeks to Darwin, 130.

85. Bearne, A Court Painter and his Circle, 272.

86. Rousseau, letter of Sept. 21, 1771.

87. Gourlie, 270.

88. Wolf, 455.

89. Ibid., 456.

90. 457.

91. Enc. Brit., XVIII 3a.

92. Locy, 399.

93. Wolf, 349.

94. Ibid., 450.

95. Jardine, Wm., The Naturalist’s Library, 24.

96. Ibid., 321.

97. Sainte-Beuve, II, 264.

98. Osborn, 136.

99. In Butterfield, Origins of Modern Science, 175.

100. Buffon, Discours sur la nature les animaux, in Martin, H., XVI, 37.

101. Goncourts, Madame de Pompadour, 145.

102. Osborn, H. F., Men of the Old Stone Age, 3.

103. Osborn, From the Greeks to Darwin, 134, and Martin, K., Rise of French Liberal Thought, 99–100.

104. In Smith, P., II, 518.

105. In Buffon, Oeuvres complètes, I, introd., xxii.

106. Rousseau, letter of Nov. 4, 1764.

107. Sainte-Beuve, II, 208.

108. Buffon, I, introd., xviii.

109. Ibid., XII, 324–30.

110. Ibid., 324n.

111. Hazard, 144.

112. Voltaire, letter to Helvétius, Oct. 27, 1740.

113. Sainte-Beuve, II, 254.

114. Jardine, 32.

115. Ibid., 29.

116. In Fellows and Torrey, Age of Enlightenment, 588n.

117. Garrison, F., History of Medicine, 334.

118. Lovejoy, A., The Great Chain of Being, 233.

119. Réaumur, Mémoires, in Smith, P., Modern Culture, II, 101.

120. Vartanian, A., Diderot and Descartes, 176.

121. Osborn, From the Greeks to Darwin, 118.

122. Maupertuis in Crocker, Age of Crisis, 81.

123. Osborn, 114–15.

124. Ibid., 122.

125. Lovejoy, Essays in the History of Ideas, 147.

126. Turberville, A. S., ed., Johnson’s England, II, 245.

127. Osborn, 119.

128. Ibid., 145.

129. 146.

130. Ibid.

131. 149.

132. Brett, G. S., History of Psychology, 423.

133. Condillac, Traité des sensations, 38

134. Ibid.

135. Ibid., 70.

136. Wolf, 689.

CHAPTER XVII

1. Osler, Evolution of Modern Medicine, 187.

2. Sigerist, Great Doctors, 235.

3. Castiglioni, A., History of Medicine, 602.