Великий Китайский Файрвол

620 A. Soldatov and I. Borogan, ‘Putin brings China’s Great Firewall to Russia in cybersecurity pact’, The Guardian, 29 November 2016, https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/nov/29/putin-china-internet-great-firewall-russia-cybersecurity-pact

621 A. Luhn, ‘Russia passes “Big Brother” anti-terror laws’, The Guardian, 26 June 2016, https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/jun/26/russia-passes-big-brother-anti-terror-laws

622 ‘Russia mulls limitations on internet exchange points over fears of US eavesdropping’, RT, 23 August 2017, https://www.rt.com/politics/400627-russia-mulls-limitations-on-internet/

623 Детали моего повествования об августовском перевороте в основном взяты из книг «Могила Ленина» Дэвида Ремника, «Человек без лица» Маши Гессен, «The Red Web» Андрея Солдатова и Ирины Бороган, а также из других источников, указанных в примечаниях.

624 A. Soldatov and I. Borogan, The Red Web: the struggle between Russia’s digital dictators and the new online revolutionaries, New York NY: PublicAffairs, 2015, p. 27.

625 M. Gorham et al., Digital Russia: the language, culture and politics of new media communication, Abingdon: Routledge, 2014, p. 39.

626 Soldatov and Borogan, The Red Web, p. 27.

627 Soldatov and Borogan, The Red Web, p. 30; ‘History of Relcom’, Relcom, http://www.relcom.ru/o-nas/history-of-company/

628 Gorham et al., Digital Russia, p. 38.

629 Soldatov and Borogan, The Red Web, p. 31.

630 L. Press, ‘Relcom during the coup’, Personal Computing, 1991, http://som.csudh.edu/fac/lpress/articles/relcom.pdf

631 M. Gessen, The Man Without a Face: the unlikely rise of Vladimir Putin, New York NY: Riverhead Books, 2012, p. 110.

632 Soldatov and Borogan, The Red Web, p. 34.

633 A. Soldatov and I. Borogan, ‘An act of courage on the Soviet internet’, Slate, 19 August 2016, http://www.slate.com/articles/technology/future_tense/2016/08/the_1991_soviet_internet_helped_stop_a_coup_and_spread_a_message_of_freedom.html

634 Interview with Vadim Antonov on PSB’s ‘The internet show’ [video], 1995, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IzqMrhG50q0

635 Soldatov and Borogan, p. 36.

636 V. Sebestyen, ‘The KGB’s bathhouse plot’, The New York Times, 20 August 2011, http://www.nytimes.com/2011/08/21/opinion/sunday/the-soviet-coup-that-failed.html

637 Soldatov and Borogan, The Red Web, pp. 47–9.

638 A. Nossik, ‘Russia’s first blogger reacts to Putin’s internet crackdown’, The New Republic, 15 May 2014, https://newrepublic.com/article/117771/putins-internet-crackdown-russias-first-blogger-reacts

639 M. Lakhman, ‘Mother Russia does a slow dance with the net’, The New York Times, 7 October 1997, http://partners.nytimes.com/library/cyber/euro/100797euro.html

640 Soldatov and Borogan, p. 52.

641 Soldatov and Borogan, pp. 65–6.

642 Soldatov and Borogan, p. 89.

Глава 23

643 ‘Pavel Durov in conversation with Jimmy Wales’ [video], DLD12, 24 January 2012, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hEHd4HbOLYM

644 R. Hutt, ‘The world’s most popular social networks, mapped’, World Economic Forum, 20 March 2017, https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2017/03/most-popular-social-networks-mapped/

645 E. Avriel, ‘The richest Israelis got NIS 10 billion richer in 2013’, Haaretz, 5 June 2013, https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/business/.premium-israel-s-super-rich-really-are-different-1.5273638

646 C. Abram, ‘Welcome to Facebook, everyone’, Facebook, 26 September 2006, https://www.facebook.com/notes/facebook/welcome-to-facebook-everyone/2210227130/

647 J. Yaffa, ‘Is Pavel Durov, Russia’s Zuckerberg, a Kremlin target?’, Bloomberg, 7 August 2013, https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2013-08-01/is-pavel-durov-russias-zuckerberg-a-kremlin-target

648 R. Synowitz, ‘VKontakte by the numbers’, Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty, 24 April 2014, https://www.rferl.org/a/vkontakte-by-the-numbers/25361419.html

⁶⁴⁹ Согласно другим источникам, купюры просто привязывали к бумажным самолетикам. Как было на самом деле – не очень понятно. – Прим. пер.

650 K. Cutler, ‘VKontakte’s Pavel Durov explains bizarre money-throwing incident’, TechCrunch, 28 October 2013, https://techcrunch.com/2013/10/28/vkontaktes-pavel-durov-explains-bizarre-money-throwing-incident/

651 A. Soldatov and I. Borogan, The Red Web: the struggle between Russia’s digital dictators and the new online revolutionaries, New York NY: PublicAffairs, 2015, p. 98.

652 A. Nossik, ‘Russia’s first blogger reacts to Putin’s internet crackdown’, The New Republic, 15 May 2014, https://newrepublic.com/article/117771/putins-internet-crackdown-russias-first-blogger-reacts”

653 P. Pomerantsev, ‘Putin’s Rasputin’, London Review of Books, 33, no. 20 (2011), pp. 3–6, https://www.lrb.co.uk/v33/n20/peter-pomerantsev/putins-rasputin

654 Nossik, ‘Russia’s first blogger reacts to Putin’s internet crackdown’.

655 D. Hakim, ‘Once celebrated in Russia, the programmer Pavel Durov chooses exile’, The New York Times, 2 December 2014, https://www.nytimes.com/2014/12/03/technology/once-celebrated-in-russia-programmer-pavel-durov-chooses-exile.html