Власть, влияние и политика в организациях

John W. Meyer and Brian Rowan, «Institutional Organizations: Formal Structure as Myth and Ceremony», American Journal of Sociology 83 (1977) 340–363; Meyer and W. Richard Scott, Organizational Environments: Ritual and Rationality (Beverly Hills. CA: Sage, 1983).

Martha S. Feldman and James G. March, «Information in Organizations as Signal and Symbol», Administrative Science Quarterly 26 (1981): 171–186.

Fred A. Kramer, «Policy Analysis as Ideology», Public Administrative Review 35 (1975): 509.

Richard M. Cyert, Herbert A. Simon, and Donald B. Trow, «Observation of a Business Decision», Journal of Business 29 (1956): 237–248.

Donald Frey, «Th e Teenies’ Challenge to the Bean Counters», Th e Street Journal (July 16, 1990): A12.

Maryann Keller, Rude Awakening: Th e Rise, Fall, and Struggle for Recovery of General Motors (New York: William Morrow, 1989), 216.

Ibid., 105.

Mark Stevens, Sudden Death: Th e Rise and Fall of E.F. Hutton (New York: Penguin, 1989), 277.

Halberstam, Th e Best and the Brightest, 304–305.

Ibid., 562–563.

K. Smith and Robert C. Alexander, Fumbling the Future: How Xerox Invented, Th en Ignored, the First Personal Computer (New York: William Morrow, 1988).

Ibid., 134.

Ibid., 218.

H Th omas Johnson and Robert S, Kaplan, Relevance Lost: Th e Rise and Fall of Management Accounting (Boston: Harvard Business School Press, 1987).

Christopher Byron, Th e Fanciest Dive (New York: W.W. Norton, 1986), 56–57.

Jeff rey Pfeff er and Gerald R. Salancik, Th e External Control of Organizations: A Resource Dependence Perspective (New York: Harper and Row, 1978).

Gerald R. Salancik and Jeff rey Pfeff er, «Th e Bases and Use of Power in Organizational Decision Making: Th e Case of a University», Administrative Science Quarterly 19 (1974): 462–463.

Rosabeth M. Kanter, Men and Women of the Corporation (New York: Basic Books, 1977).

David Halberstam, Th e Reckoning (New York: William Morrow, 1986); Max Holland, When the Machine Stopped (Boston: Harvard Business School Press, 1989).

Jeff rey Pfeff er and Gerald R. Salancik, «Administrator Eff ectiveness: Th e Eff ects of Advocacy and Information on Resource Allocations», Human Relations 30 (1977): 641–656.

N. Dixon, On the Psychology of Military Incompetence (New York: BasicBooks, 1976), 147.

Smith and Alexander, Fumbling the Future.

Meyer and Rowan, «Institutional Organizations».

Smith and Alexander, Fumbling the Future, 190.

Byron, Th e Fanciest Dive, 274–275.

Ibid., 277.

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Maryann Keller, Rude Awakening: Th e Rise, Fall, and Struggle for Recovery of General Motors (New York: William Morrow, 1989), 50.

John M. Barry, Th e Ambition and the Power (New York: Viking, 1989), 67.

Ibid., 99.

David Halberstam, Th e Best and the Brightest (New York: Random House, 1972), 105.

Barry, Th e Ambition and the Power, 78.

Ibid., 81. 7. Ibid., 82.

Ibid., 83.

Ibid.

Philip Selznick, TV A and the Grass Roots (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1949).

Seymour M. Hersh, Th e Price of Power: Kissinger in the Nixon White House (New York: Summit Books, 1983), 29.

Henry Kissinger, Th e White House Years (Boston: Little, Brown, 1979), 42.

Hersh, Th e Price of Power, 35.

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Richard M. Nixon, Leaders (New York: Warner Books, 1982), 4.

Jeff rey Pfeff er, Power in Organizations (Marshfi eld, MA: Pitman Publishing, 1981).

Murray Edelman, Th e Symbolic Uses of Politics (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1964), 39.

Ibid., 124.

David Halberstam, Th e Best and the Brightest (New York: Random House, 1972), 217.

Edelman, Th e Symbolic Uses of Politics, 12.

Herbert Stein, «Confessions of a Tax Addict», Th e Wall Street Journal (October 2, 1989): A14.

Ibid.

C.W. Morris, Signs, Language and Behavior (New York: Prentice-Hal], 1949), 214.

Mernam-Webster, Inc., Webster’s Th ird New International Dictionary (Springfi eld, MA: Merriam-Webster, Inc., 1981), 2619–2620.

Karl E. Weick, «Cognitive Processes in Organizations», Research in Organizational Behavior, ed. Barry M. Staw, vol. 1 (Greenwich, CT: JAI Press, 1979), 42.

Th omas J. Peters, «Symbols, Patterns, and Settings: An Optimistic Case for Getting Th ings Done», Organizational Dynamics 7 (1978): 10.

Nixon, Leaders, 4.

Louis R. Pondy, «Leadership Is a Language Game», Leadership: Where Else Can We Go? eds. Morgan W. McCall, Jr., and Michael M. Lombardo (Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 1978), 94–95.

Christopher Byron, Th e Fanciest Dive (New York: W.W. Norton, 1986), 63.

Ibid., 64–65.

Frank Rose, West of Eden: Th e End of Innocence at Apple Computer (New York: Viking Penguin, 1989), 124–130.

Ibid., 130.

Ibid., 131.

Robert A. Caro, Th e Path to Power: Th e Years of Lyndon Johnson (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1982), 235.

Ibid., 236.

Edelman, Th e Symbolic Uses of Politics, 123.

Ibid., 78.

Mark Stevens, Sudden Death: Th e Rise and Fall of EF. Hutton (New York: Penguin, 1989), 191.

Ibid., 194.

J. Patrick Wright, On A Clear Day You Can See General Motors (Grosse Point, MI: Wright Enterprises, 1979), 39.

Ibid., 44.