Volume IX: The Age of Voltaire

44. Our account is based upon A. Coquerel’s Jean Calas et sa famille (Paris, 1858), as summarized in Parton, II, 367.

45. Letter of Mar. 1, 1765.

46.Ibid.

47. Text in Parton, II, 356.

48. Letter of Mar. 29, 1762.

49. Letter of Sept., 1762, in Gay, Voltaire’s Politics, 277.

50. Brandes, Voltaire, II, 196.

51. Voltaire, Selected Works, 86.

52. Ibid., 113.

53. Parton, II, 433.

54. Mornet, Origines, 112.

55.Selected Works, 88.

56. Ibid., 100, 108.

57. Voltaire, Works, IIb, 277.

58. Brandes, II, 214.

59. Desnoiresterres, VII, 469.

60. Parton, II, 397.

61.Ibid.

62. Desnoiresterres, VI, 493.

63. Torrey, Spirit of Voltaire, 129.

64. Letter of Frederick the Great, Aug. 7, 1766.

65. Letter of Frederick, Sept., 1766, in Brandes, II, 231.

66. Diderot, Oeuvres, 220.

67. Chaponnière, Voltaire chez les Calvinistes, 260.

68. In Brandes, II, 232.

69. Voltaire, Correspondance, ed. Besterman, Letter 7584.

70. Pomeau, 311.

71. Phil. Dict., art. “Superstition.”

72. Letter of June 3, 1760.

73. Letter of Dec. 6, 1757.

74. Pomeau, 213; Bertrand, D’Alembert, 118.

75. Voltaire and Frederick, Letters, 283.

76. Parton, II, 285.

77. Letter to Damilaville, Apr. 5, 1765.

78. Frederick to Voltaire, Sept. 9, 1739.

79. Voltaire, Oeuvres complètes, XLIII, 198–200.

80.Selected Works, 59.

81. Phil. Dict., art. “Laws.”

82. J. Gaberel in Parton, II, 428.

83. Luke xxi, 27–32.

84.Questions of Zapata, No. 58, in Selected Works, 34.

85.Ibid., Nos. 65–66.

86.Ibid., No. 66.

87. Parton, 286.

88. Letter of June 4, 1767.

89.New Camb. Mod. History, VII, 152.

90. Phil. Dict., art. “God.”

91. Letter of Nov. 28, 1752.

92.Oeuvres complètes, XLI, 570, in Torrey, Spirit of Voltaire, 279.

93. Phil. Dict., art. “Sin.”

94. Pomeau, 373.

95. Works, Ib, 139.

96. Phil. Dict., art. “Miracles.”

97. Pomeau, 348.

98. Ibid., 374.

99. Phil. Dict., art. “Climate.”

100. Art. “Grace.”

101.Profession de foi des théistes, in Black, Art of History, 57.

102. Works, XIXa, 228.

103. Ibid., 238.

104.Traité de métaphysique.

105. Crocker, Age of Crisis, 385.

106. Ibid., 190; cf. Phil. Dict., art. “Atheism,” and art. “God,” Sec. v.

107. Art. “Hell.”

108. Art. “Fraud.”

109. Art. “Morality.”

110. Voltaire, The Ignorant Philosopher, Secs. II-III.

111.Ibid.,III-IV.

112. XIII.

113. XIV.

114. XVII, XIX.

115. XX.

116. XXIV.

117. LI.

118. Works, IIa, 312–16.

119.Boswell on the Grand Tour: Germany and Switzerland, 304.

120. Noyes, Voltaire, 555; Pomeau, 411.

121. Voltaire, Oeuvres complètes, XXVI, 199, in Pomeau, 438.

122. Art. “Curate.”

123. Pomeau, 439.

124.Essai sur les moeurs, Ch. cxxxix, in Ducros, French Society in the 18th Century, 199.

125. Desnoiresterres, VI, 118.

126. Ibid., 63–64; Pomeau, 431.

127. Desnoiresterres, VII, 237.

128. Torrey, Spirit of Voltaire, 225.

129. Desnoiresterres, VII, 228.

130. Ibid., 287.

131. Pomeau, 390.

132. Diderot, Letters to Sophie Volland, I, 29, in Pomeau, 332.

133. Grimm, Corresp., VII, 51.

134. Walpole, H., in Mossner, Bishop Butler and the Age of Reason, 175; cf. Mornet, Origines, 139, and Morley, Life of Voltaire, 88.

135. Letter to Mme. du Deffand, June 1, 1770.

136.Ignorant Philosopher, Sec. XXIV.

137. Mark IX, 45–48; Matt. XIII, 40–42; Luke XVI, 23–26.

CHAPTER XXIII

 

1. Pomeau, 300.

2. Mornet, Origines, 206.

3. Gauchat, Lettres critiques, XV, 224, in Vartanian, Diderot and Descartes, 313.

4. Pomeau, 338.

5. Voltaire, letter of Dec. 8, 1776.

6. Palmer, R.R., Catholics and Unbelievers, 96.

7. Ibid., 142.

8. Our account follows John H. Pappas, Berthier’s Journal de Trévoux and the Philosophes.

9. Ibid., 38.

10. 23, 137.

11. 48.

12. 128.

13. 48.

14. 205.

15.Ibid.

16. 184.

17. 186.

18. 110.

19. 113.

20. 119.

21. 122.

22. 131.

23. Desnoiresterres, III, 389.

24. Hazard, Eighteenth Century, 78.

25. Cornou, Êlie Fréron, in Martin, K., 96.

26. Crocker, Embattled Philosopher, 240.

27.Ibid.

28. Brandes, II, 205.

29. Ibid., 206.

30. Noyes, Voltaire, 51.

31. Ibid., 71.

32. Lanfrey, 195.

33. In Masson, La Religion de Rousseau, III, 31.

34. Crocker, Age of Crisis, 382.